Oncology
Cancer continues to be the disease we fear most. What is important in cancer is early detection; Gynecological cancers are especially important because they are slowly progressing cancers. Our chance of treatment is quite high since it will be detected at an early stage in women who have regular check-ups.
Cervical cancer (cervical cancer):85% is squamous cell cancer and it is the 2nd most common gynecological cancer. It is common between the ages of 30 and 35. Starting sexual life at an early age, many partners, low socioeconomic level, and smoking can be counted among the factors. HPV infection is now considered one of the most important factors.
Pelvic examination and colposcopy help us detect cancer at an early stage with a 90% probability. While there are usually no complaints in the early period, vaginal bleeding is often the first symptom, especially after intercourse. Foul-smelling discharge and groin pain in advanced stages are other complaints.
Treatment is surgery (radical hysterectomy) in the early stages and radiotherapy (radiation therapy) in the advanced stages.
Smear (pap smear). ):Pap smear is one of the most important parts of the gynecological examination. If no problems are detected after sexual life begins, smear screening should be done every 2 years until the age of 35, and then once a year. Those who have risk factors such as more than one partner, a history of sexually transmitted diseases, genital condyloma, or a previous abnormal smear test should have it done as often as the doctor recommends.
Smear is a screening test. When positive findings are given, it is necessary to perform diagnostic procedures such as colposcopy, cervical biopsy, conization or probe curettage.
Vaginal douche should not be performed for at least 24 hours before the smear is taken and menstruation should not be performed.
Uterus. cancer (endometrial cancer):It is the most common gynecological cancer. It is mostly seen in people over the age of 40. It develops from the endometrium and spreads first to the reproductive organs and then to the environment and other organs.
Risk factors:
Late menopause
Infertility
Obesity,
PCOS,
Hypertension,
Endometrial hyperplasia with atypia.
The most common finding is abnormal vaginal bleeding. Definitive diagnosis endome It is diagnosed by trial biopsy. Pap smear does not help in diagnosis.
Bleeding during menopause and the endometrium being more than 5 mm in ultrasound are factors that make us suspicious.
Treatment:Surgery is the basis and radiotherapy (radiation therapy) and Chemotherapy may be performed.
Ovarian cancer;
Because they show late symptoms, they are the most common cause of death among gynecological cancers. They are classified according to the cell group from which they originate:
Epithelial cell tumors
Stromal cell tumors
Germ cell tumors
Nonspecific connective cell tumors
Metastatic tumors (coming from other tissues)
Usually the first symptom is abdominal swelling. Tumor markers help in follow-up.
Other Gynecological Cancers:
Vulvar cancer
Vaginal cancer
Fallopian tube cancer
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