What is Ballooning in the Abdominal Vein?

• What is the Aorta? The aorta is the main artery leaving the heart.

• Its main task is to bring oxygenated blood and other substances to the body. All arteries arise from the aorta and its branches.

1. Ascending Aorta (first part coming out of the heart)
2. Transverse Aorta (horizontal section where cerebral vessels exit)
3. Descending Aorta (the section starting from the transverse aorta and descending)
4. Thoracic Aorta (section in the rib cage)
5. Abdominal Aorta (part inside the abdomen)

WHAT IS ANEURISM?

Aneurysm means enlargement in Greek. Aneurysm, in its simplest terms, is an enlargement of more than 50% of the diameter of the vessel in an artery. It can be described as "ballooning" among the people. They are divided into two as true and false. A true aneurysm includes all layers of the checkerboard. False aneurysm is the opposite.

WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF ANEURYSMS?

Aneurysms, It can be caused by high blood pressure, smoking calcification, some infections and connective tissue diseases. With age, arteries gradually lose their elasticity. The enlargement of the arteries is also associated with aging to some extent. Aneurysms can also be seen in the aortic artery emerging from the heart in Marfan Syndrome, which is congenital and originates from a structural defect in the vessel wall.

The most common regional aneurysms in the aorta are seen in the abdomen. This type, which is seen below the kidneys (infrarenal), is followed by the aorta, which is the first region that comes out of the heart (ascending=ascending). The one inside the abdomen is called "Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm". In this article, we will cover this subject.

Normally, the diameter of the aorta in this region is around 2-2.5 cm. If this diameter is 4 cm or more, it is the limit. After that, it is considered an aneurysm. The intervention limit is 5-5.5 cm.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm is an insidious disease that does not cause symptoms, but can be life-threatening if it ruptures suddenly. Its incidence is 6-10/100 000 over the age of 50. Every patient seen There is no requirement for intervention. The cause of this death is shock due to rupture. It is seen in 2-7% of autopsies. It is seen 3 times more in men than in women

What are the Symptoms of Aortic Aneurysm?

It may not cause any symptoms. When it is suddenly torn, it creates a very heavy picture.

PAIN: It is a pain that radiates from the abdomen towards the waist. It can also go towards the back of the abdomen.

MAss in the abdomen: A pulsating mass can be seen on examination in the abdomen. This is called "pulsating mass = pulsatile mass" because it beats with each pulse. It is detected by examination. The abdominal wall can be seen more easily in thin and thin people. It is difficult for the patient to notice.

HYPOTENSION: Low blood pressure.

These three symptoms are classic symptoms. In general, hypotension is due to ruptured or pre-ruptured oozing bleeding. For this reason, patients also have anemia and tachycardia.

Asymptomatic (asymptomatic) cases are very high.

HOW TO DIAGNOSIS OF AORTIC ANEURYSM?

Abdominal aortic aneurysms are diagnosed incidentally. It is usually detected in those who have had an abdominal ultrasound for another reason. The vessel, whose diameter is enlarged with ultrasound, can be easily seen.

Abdominal Abdominal Computed Tomography comes second.

MR Angiography is also helpful.

In patients with suspected Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm, inguinal angiography is not performed because of the risk of tearing. Sometimes, ultrasound for screening in patients who will have coronary angiography provides a diagnosis. It is appropriate to perform both jugular vein and abdominal ultrasound for screening in those over a certain age (65). >

In diameters below five centimeters, ultrasound is followed at 6-month intervals.

Intervention limit is 5.5 cm in men and 5.0 in women cm is accepted.

Classically, synthetic two-legged pant graft surgery is performed by opening the abdomen and placing the aneurysm area from the top to the groin.

Today, instead of this method, trousers graft stent is placed into the ballooning vessel with the angiography method in suitable patients. This method, called "Endovascular Repair", is advantageous in terms of both risk and patient comfort. Patients stay in the hospital for a shorter time. It also has important contributions in terms of blood usage and infection. strong>

It may not be suitable for every patient with abdominal aortic aneurysm.After the necessary measurements are made, the technical application is decided.

While it was claimed that every patient would be suitable in the early periods, its emergency application has gained importance due to problems such as leakage due to endovascular repair and the continued growth of the aneurysm.

The greatest benefit of endovascular repair is ruptured aneurysms.

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