This study was carried out to determine the psychosocial and drug use problems of 2400 people. The study team, consisting of one expert psychiatrist, two psychiatric assistant physicians, two psychologists and two social workers, applied an inquiry form prepared for this purpose to 2400 people. The following findings were obtained by statistical evaluation.
Sociodemographic Characteristics of the Group:
73.1% of the research group was in the 20-year age group. 79.3% of the group was single.
In distribution by place of birth, the frequency is respectively Istanbul (5.4%), Ankara (4.9%), Adana (4.1%), Adıyaman (3%). ,4) and Bursa (3.2%) ranked in the top five; The frequencies of other provinces were parallel to the population distribution of Turkey.
In the group, the rate of living in villages until the age of 15 was 47.4%; From the age of 15 to the age of 20, this rate decreased to 27.2%. In the opposite direction to these rates, the rate of living in cities increased from 29.8% to 45.5%. Working, education, etc. are the factors that play a role in this rise. reasons were given to migrate to the city.
The largest part of the group was primary school graduates, their rate was 36.6%. In terms of monthly income, the majority of the group consisted of individuals at low and middle income levels. However, the house occupied by 69.5% of the group was the family's own property.
Distribution of the group by profession: 19.6% craftsmen, 17.8% workers, 13.9% freelancers, 5.4% were civil servants, 3.1% were unemployed, 1.9% were managers and 38.3% had other professions.
In terms of the number of households; Those with 5 or more people were 45.2%, those with 5 people was 20.2% and those with 4 people were 17.7%. 16.9% had 3 or fewer households. The family type in the group was generally "nuclear family". 26.8% of the subjects were the first child of the family; 22.3% were their 2nd child and 18.0% were their 3rd child. 32.9% of them were the 4th or younger child of the family.
When evaluating the subjects' activities in their civilian lives and free time;
- Participating in association activities 5.3%
-Dating friends of the same sex 52.5%
-Dating friends of the opposite sex 39.1%
-Doing sports regularly 41.6%
- Watching TV regularly was 51.6%
- Spending time with family was 62.1%.
While the rate of those receiving psychological treatment is 21.2%; The rate of those who were hospitalized and received mental treatment was 5.6%. While the rate of those considering suicide was 22.3%; Those who attempted suicide once were 3%, and those who attempted suicide several times were 2.3%.
In studies conducted in coordination with the World Health Organization, mental disorders were found in 23.4% of patients applying to health centers. While this rate was found to be 17.6% in field studies, it was determined that the most common disorder was depression with a rate of 11.6%. We can consider that the rates of receiving psychological treatment and suicidal thoughts and attempts in our study group are compatible with the rates of the Turkish sample.
Familial characteristics of the group:
% of the subjects 82.6 of them have alive parents; They all lived together. The father of 9.6% of the subjects and the mother of 5.4% died; 1.5% of the children's parents were separated, 0.8% had a stepmother or stepfather.
In terms of the dominant person at home during their childhood, 70.1% of the group said "the parents were together" ", "only father" in 22.4%, "only mother" in 2.4%.
When we evaluate the main disagreements between parents, "disagreement" in 39.6% respectively. The following were "monetary problems" at 35.1%, "religious problems" at 14.9% and "alcohol use problems" at 10.4%. While 72.2% of fathers do not drink alcohol at all; 9.5% drank alcohol every evening. It was found quite thought-provoking that alcohol use was the main problem between parents in 10.4% of the 27.8% of the father group who drank alcohol. In other words, one in every three fathers who used alcohol had problems with their spouses because of this.
In terms of father's occupation, 51.4% of the group was self-employed, 16.7% was a civil servant, 13% was a civil servant. 1 was an unskilled worker, 8.6% was a merchant, and 10.1% was unemployed fathers. The father's attendance at work was regular in 79.2% of the group.
In terms of the father's role at home; He was described as generally understanding leader in 86% of the group, very authoritarian in 10.1%, and passive in 3.9%. In 59% of the group, mothers were generally stated as overprotective.
Childhood characteristics of the group:
As children, 13.2% of the subjects were overprotective. While stating that they are mobile; 15.9% had tahr as a child There was abusive behavior. Destructive behaviors were directed at oneself in 8.3% and directed at others in 7.6%. 84.1% of the group had harmonious behavior in their childhood.
The group's relations with the environment:
Generally, in relations with friends and the environment; 70.2% of the group described themselves as cooperative-agreeable, 26.8% as shy, and 3% as very aggressive and incompatible.
Familial characteristics of the group:
10.5% of the group has a family history of receiving psychiatric treatment. This was made up of 4.1% father, 3.0% mother and 3.4% siblings.
There was a family history of attempted suicide in 4.6% of the group, 0.8% of which was the father. 1.1% were mothers and 2.8% were siblings.
The group's relations with the environment:
Spending your free time, clothing preference, spending money. General aims and opinions of the subjects on topics such as; It differed more from families. The opinions and goals of the subjects and their families were more similar in terms of smoking, alcohol, the value of education, and important values in life.
The group's attitudes towards smoking, alcohol and drug use:
While 37.6% of the group never smoked; The rate of smokers before and current military service was 49.7%, and those who started smoking after military service were 12.7%. It was determined that 51.7% of smokers increased their smoking during military service. The reasons given were boredom and depression at a rate of 71.8%, loneliness at a rate of 15.6%, treats at a rate of 5.8%, and compliance with the majority at a rate of 6.8%.
In terms of smoking in the family; 52.6% of fathers, 3.8% of mothers, 23% of brothers, 1.1% of sisters smoke; Families whose members were all non-smokers constituted 19.6% of the group.
While 30.3% of the group had never consumed alcohol in their lives; Frequent alcohol use was reported in 32.2%. Those who had never consumed alcoholic beverages in the last 12 months constituted 43.2% of the group;
Those who consumed 40 or more times constituted 14.8% of the group. While the rate of those who did not drink alcohol in the last 30 days was 76.2%; 11.8% of those who used it 1-2 times, 5.2% of those who used it 3-5 times, 2.3% of those who used it 6-9 times, 2% of those who used it 10-19 times. Those who used .5 and 20-30 times were 2.1%. 9.0% of them stated that they use it once every 15 days, 5.6% once a week, 3.7% twice a week, 2.2% more than twice a week, and 0.9% every day.
The last drinking place was stated as a bar or cafe in 18.9% of the group, as a house in 14.1%, and as a street or park in 11%.
The reasons for not drinking alcohol are, in order of frequency; 63.5% "harmful to health", 54.9% "contrary to religious beliefs", 43.4% "harms people"; 26.4% "not needing it", 23.3% "not liking the effects", 22.9% "not liking the taste", 12.9% "the environment does not allow it", 9.9% "fear of addiction", 7.8% "being expensive" and 6.4% as "other reasons". In the study, 70% of the group reported using alcoholic beverages at least once in their lives, and 32.2% of the group reported more or less regular alcohol use. In a study conducted in 1992, alcohol use was detected in 38% of the military population of 2300 people. In this study, 15.32% of the entire group consumed alcohol at least 2 or more times a month; In our study, this rate is 21.4%. While those who drank every day or every other day were 2.26% of the entire group in the compared study, it was found to be 3.1% in our study. While 7.9% reported past alcohol use; Alcohol use was found to be 43.3% in the 20-24 age group. Again, in a study conducted among 3694 recruits in 1997, the rate of alcohol use at least once in life was found to be 31.9%.
The reasons for alcohol use are, in order of frequency; 66.5% "to sleep", 57.1% "because their friends drink", 56.8% "to feel good", 48.2% "because they are angry", 44% "to relax", 43.1% "Drinking alcohol to get away from problems", 42.3% "because of boredom", 40.3% "to have fun", 66.8% "drinking alcohol for other reasons". While they point out that it is harmful to social relations; It is thought-provoking that smokers ignore these issues and tend to see alcohol as a drug rather than a means of entertainment.
When the group's views on drugs and their use are evaluated;
While 57% of the group has the opinion that the information about drugs in the press reduces the interest in drugs; On the contrary, 9.5% believe that it increases curiosity, while 33.5% say that it does not affect it.
74.4% of the group prefers marijuana, 70.3% uses heroin, 68.7% uses cocaine, 69.6% uses thinner and They stated that they had heard of Bali before, 43.8% about ectasia, 21.2% about Akineton, 20.9% about LSD, 6.6% about amphetamine, 15% about Krak, and 13.4% about methadone. .
3.3% of the group stated that they tried a drug once, and 4.8% stated that they used it several times.
When asked where they found the drug, those who tried and used the drug once; % While 8.0% of them hid their location, 2.5% stated that they shared it with a group of friends, 2.0% shared it with an older friend, 1.9% shared it with their peers, and 0.2% stated that they got it from family elders, relatives or a stranger.
The 8.1% drug use prevalence rate in our study group is compatible with the 7% lifetime prevalence rate reported in 1500 high school students in Turkey in 1995. In 1997, in an Istanbul sample group of 1550 people, it was determined that 4.64% had tried or were currently using drugs. Again, in a survey conducted on a group of 3694 people in 1997; It was determined that 1.5% of the group used drugs other than alcohol and tobacco until they reached the age of 20, and 3.6% tried drugs at least once in their lives. In 1992, the rate of drug use in a population of 2300 people was reported to be 1.52%. Again, in the same year, the rate of using drugs at least once among 1500 high school students was 2.6%.
It is noteworthy that the rate of drug use is increasing, although it varies from study to study. It should also be considered that sufficiently clear answers cannot be received for legal reasons. However, the seizure of large amounts of drugs, which is increasing geometrically every year, shows the frightening dimensions of the situation.
CONCLUSIONS:
1. All 3.2% of the group went on visit for psychological reasons. The rate of those who received inpatient mental treatment in their lives is 5.6%, among civilians
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