Laparoscopy, which was defined in the early 1900s, has developed very rapidly after 1970. It started to be implemented in our country at the end of the 1990s. Laparoscopy, which is performed under general anesthesia, is a surgery that allows diagnosis and treatment by inserting a long, thin tool with a camera at the end into the abdominal area, giving CO2 gas for better visualization of the organs inside.
Laparoscopy is a surgical procedure. Although it requires surgery, it is known among people as a closed and bloodless surgery. It is a very low-risk operation that requires a small incision between 0.5 and 4 cm in the abdomen. Laparoscopy takes its name from the Laparoscope device used in the operation. It was first used in gynecology and gallbladder operations, and then it began to be used in imaging other organs in the abdomen.
Usually: organs such as appendicitis, gallbladder, liver, stomach, spleen, pancreas, small and large intestine. After laparoscopy is performed to examine your liver disease, abdominal mass or tumor, fluid in the abdominal cavity, degree of cancer progression, and certain treatment activities, your doctor can diagnose your liver disease.
Gynecological Laparoscopy is performed by gynecologists on physiological procedures. It is the surgical method used if appropriate.
How is Gynecological Laparoscopy Performed?
Lung tests, electrocardiogram and blood tests are performed routinely before the operation. If the patient has other diseases, it is determined whether there is any obstacle to the operation and anesthesia and precautions are taken accordingly. After these procedures, the patient who is approved for surgery is sent to anesthesia consultation before the day of the operation. Solid and liquid food intake is stopped for 6 hours before the operation.
Laparoscopy application;
-The method applied under operating room conditions begins with general anesthesia to the patient.
-Later. A sufficient amount of incision is made from the belly button.
- The operation, which requires experience and attention, continues by applying the Veress needle.
- After the needle, carbon dioxide gas is injected into the abdomen to cause swelling.
- After this procedure, use a trocar. The camera is placed into the abdomen by applying the procedure.
- Two or three more ports are opened for the surgery, depending on the type of operation and the need for an assistant, and the surgery is performed with special tools sent through these holes. -Finally, the gas in the abdomen is evacuated and the incisions are closed with stitches.
In Which Situations Is Gynecological Laparoscopy Preferred?
Gynecological Laparoscopy can be applied for diagnosis and treatmentpurposes. In the diagnostic field, it is mostly applied in the field of gynecology in cases of infertility. Diseases for which Laparoscopy is applied;
-Infertility: The inability to have a baby by natural means is called infertility. It is most often defined as the inability to become pregnant after 12 months of regular intercourse without the use of any birth control method. Gynecological Laparoscopy is used to control the tubes, examine ovarian functions and in cases of intra-abdominal adhesion
-Endometriosis: It is a benign, often painful chronic disease seen in young women. Endometriosis, which is the area where gynecological Laparoscopy is most commonly applied, is the detection of chocolate cysts and the decision whether to remove them.
-Ovarian Cysts: Cysts seen in almost every woman are generally benign. Cysts are fluid-filled sacs emerging from the tissue inside the eggs. It can be treated using Gynecological Laparoscopy.
- Ectopic pregnancies: It is the situation where the embryo formed as a result of the union of sperm and egg cells is placed in a different place outside the uterus.
-Uterine and myoma removal: Cancer, sagging, abnormal bleeding, long-lasting pain, endometriosis and myomas are the reasons for uterine removal. It can be removed by gynecological laparoscopy.
-Tubal ligation: It does not cause any problems in sexual intercourse. This operation can be performed with Gynecological Laparoscopy.
-Adhesion in the abdomen:Adhesion, which usually occurs as a result of previous surgeries, must be removed surgically. It can be treated with laparoscopy.
-It can be used in cases requiring diagnosis and treatment.
F of Gynecological Laparoscopy Months
-It leaves smaller scars than large incisions in terms of aesthetics.
-The hospitalization period after the surgical procedure is short, unless otherwise, patients are discharged after 1-2 days.
-Since there is very little pain and the healing process is very short, transition to routine life is achieved in a shorter time.
Risks After Gynecological Laparoscopy
After Laparoscopy surgery. There are some risks, although very rare. It most commonly causes bleeding, infection and organ damage. These: Some diseases such as fever or chills, abdominal pain that worsens over time, long-term or continuous nausea and vomiting, shortness of breath, persistent cough, and inability to urinate may be observed.
In Which Situations Is Gynecological Laparoscopy Not Applied?
Although Gynecological Laparoscopy, which is generally applied to every patient who is fit for operation, can be applied to patients of all ages, it is not preferred in some cases.
These situations;
-In many previous abdominal surgeries, especially in cases of peritoneal inflammation and abscess.
-Those with major lung disease
-Those with major heart disease
-Overweight people
-In extremely thin people
-Laparoscopy is not performed in diagnosed ovarian cancer.
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