There are many physical, hormonal and biochemical changes in the mother due to pregnancy physiology. Although some complaints come to the fore during certain periods, some can be seen throughout the entire pregnancy. However, when dealing with this issue, it will be more memorable to examine the complaints according to the three-month periods in which we examine the pregnancy.
Early pregnancy findings in the first trimester are perceived as complaints. However, these are the result of all the changes in the mother's adaptation to pregnancy. These are groin pain, extreme fatigue, feeling of sleepiness, nausea, vomiting, feeling of warmth, frequent urination, and constipation.
In the second trimester, the most common are lower back pain and cramps in the legs.
In the third trimester, the most common pregnancy complaints are heartburn, varicose veins, hemorrhoids (piles), swelling of the feet, ankles and fingers, and urinary incontinence.
EARLY PREGNANCY SIGNS
The first pregnancy symptoms felt after a menstrual delay are extreme fatigue, feeling sleepy, fullness and tenderness in the breasts, bloating and tension in the abdomen, and frequent urination, and these are considered normal.
If the severity of nausea and vomiting, change in bowel habits, pain and cramps in the groin, cravings and headache, which are among the other early pregnancy symptoms, are below a certain level, they are not considered signs of the disease.
GROIN PAIN
It depends on hormonal changes in the early stages of pregnancy and the growth of the uterus in the following weeks of pregnancy. If groin pain becomes more frequent, worsens, becomes regular, or is accompanied by bleeding, a threat of miscarriage or suspicion of ectopic pregnancy should be considered and further tests should be performed for differential diagnosis.
EXCESSIVE TIREDNESS, SLEEPING FEELING
The most common complaint during early pregnancy is extreme fatigue and sleepiness. It occurs as a result of many changes during pregnancy. Low blood pressure, low blood sugar, hormonal effects of progesterone, metabolic changes and physiological anemia of pregnancy are among these reasons. You should meet with your doctor and discuss whether additional examinations, vitamin supplements or iron supplements are required. Don't refuse offers of help at work or at home. Eat regularly and healthily, eat frequently groan and do not lose sleep. Feeling tired does not harm you or the baby, but it can make your life difficult in environments where you have not yet announced that you are pregnant.
NAUSE, VOMITING
It is one of the most common complaints. Sometimes it is just nausea, sometimes it is accompanied by vomiting. In the first 12 weeks, approximately half of pregnant women experience vomiting and more than 80% experience nausea. It can happen at any time of the day. Sometimes it continues throughout the day. Gaining weight in the first trimester is not necessary for the development of the baby. Therefore, it does not harm your baby. It often depends on hormonal changes in the first 12 weeks. 16-20. It passes between weeks. It may continue after the 20th week in one in ten pregnant women. The very severe form (hyperemesis gravidarum) may require treatment or even hospitalization.
Many factors may increase your risk of nausea and vomiting complaints during pregnancy:
• history of nausea and vomiting in previous pregnancy
• having a family history of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy
• history of motion sickness
• history of nausea while using estrogen-containing pills
• being obese (BMI≥30 )
• stress
• multiple pregnancy
• first pregnancy
First, increase the amount of meals and eat less but more frequently . Preferably, consume dry, solid and carbohydrate-rich foods (bread, crackers, lean rice and pasta, boiled potatoes). Stay away from fatty foods. Since hot foods smell more, it makes sense to prefer cold foods, because the smell also stimulates nausea. Eat raw food, such as salad or fruit, on an empty stomach. Drink water on a full stomach and little by little. Sugary drinks are also not recommended as they stimulate nausea. Do not forget to rest because fatigue worsens nausea. Be sure to find something to do. Concentrating only on nausea and vomiting will not help you. If you can get help, have someone else do the cooking during this time so that you can stay away from the smell. Do not wear clothes that constrict your abdomen. Make sure to wear loose and comfortable clothes. If this does not work, vitamin B6 25 mg 3 times a day is recommended. If you become unable to consume any food orally, you need to be hospitalized and receive intravenous treatment.
The situations in which you should definitely consult your doctor are as follows:
• if your urine is very dark or 8 If you haven't urinated for over an hour
• If fever ≥38 o C occurs
• If bloody vomiting develops
HEAT FEELING
During pregnancy, body temperature increases by one degree compared to normal. Both hormones and increased blood flow to the skin as a result of accelerated metabolism play a role in this. That's why you lose more water through sweating. To relax, wear comfortable clothes made from more natural-textured materials. These both absorb more sweat and allow the skin to breathe. Lower the room temperature. Take a shower frequently.
FREQUENT URINATION
It is one of the symptoms of early pregnancy. It may continue throughout the pregnancy. It depends on the pressure of the growing uterus on the bladder. Towards the end of pregnancy, compression of the baby's leading part, which is often the head, is a factor.
What can you do? Try not to drink anything late at night if it causes you to wake up at night. Sometimes pregnant women cannot fully empty their bladder in the toilet. Especially recently, when you sit on the toilet, you can empty your bladder completely by moving forward and backward.
When should you get help? If there is a burning sensation while urinating, bloody urine, or the feeling of urinating immediately after urinating, there may be an infection. Reduce the intensity of your urine by drinking plenty of water and inform your doctor.
CONStipation
Hormonal changes due to pregnancy can also cause constipation in the early period. As a preventative measure, consume high-fiber foods such as whole wheat, fruits, vegetables, beans and lentils. Increase circulation with regular exercise. Drink plenty of water. Iron medications can also cause constipation. However, iron supplements are essential during pregnancy. Since there are many alternatives on the market, you can try by switching to another iron medication.
SECOND TRIMESTER
BACK PAIN
Reasons:
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As the uterus grows, the lumbar arch increases in order to keep the body's center of gravity in balance.
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The ligaments that hold the pelvic bones together and the spine. relaxation
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Spasm of the muscles around the spine �
As a precaution, here are the things you should remember every day:
• do not lift heavy items
• bend your knees when picking up something from the ground, your back should be straight
• make the turning movement with your legs, not your spine
• wear heelless shoes so that your weight is distributed evenly when stepping on the ground
• try to keep your feet high while sitting, support them underneath. take it
• if you need to carry items, divide it into two and carry it on both sides
• your back should be straight and supported from behind while sitting
• make sure you get enough rest, especially recently
If your bed mattress is hard, you will suffer less back pain. Exercises that strengthen your abdominal muscles will also be good for back pain. Get into a box position on your hands and knees. Your knees should be under your hips, your hands should be under your shoulders, your fingers should be reaching forward, your back should be straight and parallel to the floor. Pull your abdominal muscles in and raise your back towards the ceiling, leaving your head relaxed forward while your torso slouches. Stay like this for 3-5 seconds and return to the first position. Your back should never be idle, it should always return to a straight position. Repeat this movement 10 times, rhythmically lifting your back as high as you can each time. The most recommended are water exercise and backstroke swimming. Massage is also beneficial.
CRAMP IN THE LEGS
It is a sudden, sharp painful contraction. It is most often seen in the knee muscles or feet. It most often occurs at night and even wakes you up from sleep. The cause has not been fully determined. Regular, gentle exercises, especially ankle and leg exercises, are recommended to prevent cramps. This will improve your circulation and prevent cramps. You can do the following exercise: Extend and stretch your feet 30 times, turn your feet clockwise and counterclockwise 8 times
THIRD TRIMESTER
HEARTBURN
It depends on various reasons:
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Slow gastric emptying
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Hormonal effect (progesterone, motilin)
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Mechanical pressure on the stomach due to the growth of the uterus
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Decreased muscle tone of the lower end of the esophagus
In every period of pregnancy can develop. It often develops after the 27th week. It may develop earlier in those who have had stomach problems before. The risk of recurrence increases in those who had this complaint in a previous pregnancy. The burning sensation is also reflected in the rib cage. Heartburn also causes abdominal bloating, indigestion, nausea and vomiting. You can take precautions with eating habits and lifestyle changes. Eat healthy. Keep meals more frequent, but smaller. Eat in an upright position. Eat at least 3 hours before going to bed at night. Stay away from fatty foods. Stay away from smoking and alcohol. There are also drug options (antacids, proton pump inhibitors: ranitidine, omeprazole) that you can use safely during pregnancy.
VARICES
Enlargements in the veins are called 'varicose veins'. It is most commonly seen in leg veins. It may also occur in the external genital area. They often regress after birth. Avoid standing for long periods of time, do not sit with your legs crossed, avoid gaining too much weight, try to sit with your legs up as much as possible, wear compression socks, keep your legs up when lying down, try to stimulate circulation with walking, swimming and foot movements.
HEMORRHOIDS
The veins that expand around the last part of the large intestine and the anus are called 'hemorrhoids'. It is more common in pregnant women because the veins tend to become looser due to the effect of hormones. They cause complaints of a palpable mass, itching, pain, tenderness, bleeding, pain and discomfort during defecation, bloody stool and subsequent discharge. They often regress after birth.
Constipation can cause hemorrhoids. You can regress and prevent hemorrhoids with some lifestyle and dietary changes. Consume whole wheat, fruits and vegetables, which are high in fibre. Drink plenty of water. This way you prevent constipation. Do not stand for long periods of time. Exercise regularly to stimulate circulation. If there is pain, you can apply a cloth wrapped in ice. If they feel tender, you can gently push them back with lubricating gel. Try not to strain too much. Clean the anus with wet wipes. Clean the anus with gentle touches, not with rubbing movements. Creams can be used to relieve pain and inflammation around the anus.
SIAN ANKLE, FOOT AND FINGERS
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