What is Sugar Rise (Glyceemia)? What are the Symptoms of Sugar High?

“What does hyperglycemia mean?” is a question we hear often. In medical language, high blood sugar is called hyperglycemia. Indicates that there is too much sugar in the blood. Hyperglycemia has increased significantly in the last 20 years due to increasing obesity cases, more sedentary lifestyles and aging population. Elevated blood sugar occurs in both men and women. Low blood sugar is called hypoglycemia. If both conditions are repeated frequently, they are harmful to the body.

What is Hyperglycemia?

Fasting blood sugar in a healthy person is 90-100 mg/dl at most. In hyperglycemia, fasting blood glucose is above 125 mg/dl. Those with fasting blood sugar between 100-125 mg/dl are considered to have impaired glucose tolerance. This condition is called prediabetes. A person is considered to have hyperglycemia if their blood sugar is above 180 mg/dl 2 hours after eating. Hyperglycemia does not only occur in diabetes (diabetes). Medications, hormonal diseases, serious infections, pancreatic diseases, cortisone use, surgery and trauma can also cause an increase in blood sugar.

What are the Symptoms of Hyperglycemia? ) are usually:

• Constant hunger and thirst
• Drinking a lot of water
• urinating a lot
• Blurred vision
• Headaches
• Fatigue
• Weight loss
• Recurrent vaginal and skin infections
• Slow healing of cuts and wounds
• Dry mouth
• Urinary incontinence
• Dark urine

If blood sugar suddenly gets too high, it can lead to a very dangerous picture called ketoacidosis. This is especially seen in type 1 diabetes patients with insulin deficiency. Symptoms of sudden sugar spikes are:

• Vomiting
• Dehydration (dehydration)
• Acetone odor in the breath
• Fast rapid breathing
• Difficult breathing
• Palpitation (tachycardia)
• Unconsciousness, confusion
• Abdominal pain
• Coma

Why Does Sugar Rise?

The question "Why does blood sugar rise?" arouses the curiosity of many people. The carbohydrates we take during nutrition (bread, sugar, rice, starch, pasta, etc.) are digested. glucose is released. Insulin hormone is needed to take the released glucose into the cell. After the meal, the pancreas is stimulated and insulin is secreted. Insulin brings glucose into the cell. Excess sugar is stored as glycogen in the muscles and liver. When blood sugar returns to normal, insulin secretion stops. Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes are the most well-known diseases that cause sugar elevation. Type 1 diabetes patients have insulin deficiency. In type 2 diabetes patients, on the other hand, there is a cellular level of unresponsiveness to the high insulin level. In both cases, since sugar cannot be taken into the cell, blood sugar rises. Insulin is the most important hormone regulating blood sugar.

Hemochromatosis (Excessive iron accumulation in the tissues)

Cushing's syndrome (The disease that occurs due to either excess cortisone intake from the outside or a tumor that secretes cortisol from the adrenal gland.)

Acromegaly (Growth hormone deficiency It is a disease that occurs as a result of excessive secretion. Extremely tall, large chin people. Hyperglycemia can be seen together.

Pheochromocytoma (Benign tumor of the adrenal gland.)

Use of cortisone for a long time or in high doses

Estrogen use

Gestational diabetes mellitus, which develops with the effect of hormones during pregnancy

Government of serum containing high sugar

Patients may experience increased sugar levels after surgery.

Diabetes may increase in serious diseases.

Serious traumas may increase blood sugar.

Who is at Risk for Hyperglycemia?

High blood sugar is more common in the following conditions.

• Overweight people
• Family with Type 2 diabetes
• Some races are at greater risk .
• Hyperlipidemia (high blood lipids) and high blood pressure
• Those who have had diabetes during pregnancy
• Polycystic ovary disease
• Insulin and sugar not using or disrupting the lowering drugs properly
• Eating excessive carbohydrates
• Too inactive
• Too high stress
• Illness

Blood Sugar Y What Happens When It Gets High?

Long-term high blood sugar is dangerous for many organs and tissues. Untreated hyperglycemia may cause the following complications in the long term:


• Cardiovascular diseases (occlusion and atherosclerosis in the heart vessels)
• If the high blood sugar continues for a long time, it can damage the nerves. In this case, the patient develops neuropathy. The sensitivity of the nerves of these people is reduced. They may experience numbness in some parts of the body.
• High sugar levels can damage the kidneys. In patients with high blood sugar, excess sugar is excreted in the urine. A kidney failure called diabetic nephropathy may develop.
• Blindness may develop in the future as a result of damage to the retinal vessels in the eye.
• Cataract disease may develop in the eye.
• Because the blood flow to the feet is reduced. There may be long-lasting foot wounds. Sometimes the toes may need to be amputated.
• High blood sugar can cause weakening of bones and joints.
• Tooth and gum infections are common.
The complications mentioned above are uncontrolled conditions that occur over time in diabetic patients. When there is a sudden sugar increase, two emergency situations can occur:

Diabetic Ketoacidosis: This situation develops when there is not enough insulin in the body. It is especially common in patients with type 1 diabetes. When blood sugar rises and there is no insulin, fats begin to break down. Ketone bodies are produced. Ketone bodies are toxic. Its level first increases in the blood and then it is excreted in the urine. If diabetic ketoacidosis is not treated in time, it turns into a diabetic coma. Diabetic coma is a dangerous condition that can threaten life.
Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Condition: In this case, insulin is present but ineffective. It is a condition seen in patients with type 2 diabetes. Blood sugar rises, but neither sugar nor fats can be used. In these patients, blood sugar can reach values ​​as high as 1000 mg/dl. While excess sugar is poured into the urine, excess fluid is also excreted. Dehydration and coma can develop rapidly in these patients.


What's Good for Diabetes?

Both type 1 diabetes patients and type 2 diabetes patients eat healthy, move more and reduce stress. They can control their blood sugar by reducing Insulin is very important in the treatment of type 1 patients. It has a great place. Type 2 diabetics are primarily treated with oral antidiabetics. If this treatment is not sufficient, insulin can be started.

A person with diabetes can do many things to reduce and prevent high blood sugar. Measurement: There are devices that measure blood sugar with a drop of blood from the finger. By having one of these, regular monitoring of blood sugar makes it easier to control.

• Increasing physical activity: In this way, it is easier to use sugar in the blood and it is possible to lose weight.
• Reducing the amount of carbohydrates consumed with diet, It is appropriate to reduce the portions and have snacks that do not cause hyperglycemia.
• If the oral antidiabetic you use is not enough to control your blood sugar, your doctor will change your medicine. Similarly, the insulin dose will be adjusted.
• Stress hormones have an effect on raising blood sugar. It is recommended for those with hyperglycemia to sleep adequately and meditate.
• Losing weight may reduce the need for medications.
• Patients with Pre-Diabetes can delay the development of the disease by reducing carbohydrates and losing weight.
• Being careful about the signs of high blood sugar
• It is important to keep blood pressure at a normal level.
• It would be good to have hemoglobin A1C checked every 3-6 months.

The aim of hyperglycemia treatment

• Keeping blood pressure under control
• Protecting kidney and eye health
• Reducing the risk of heart attack, high blood pressure, stroke and peripheral vascular disease
• To reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome.

Internal medicine specialists and endocrinologists perform the follow-up and treatment of patients with hyperglycemia. If you see the symptoms of increased blood sugar in yourself or your relatives, apply to your nearest health institution.

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