As the presence of dialysis and kidney transplant patients around us increases, many people worry, "I wonder how my kidneys are, may I have to undergo dialysis one day?" The most striking feature of the disease is its insidious course and the hospitalization of the person one day with the last drop. Suddenly, the fact of dialysis can fall like a bomb on a person's life, or rather his entire family. However, in order to answer this question, physicians start by having a simple urinalysis before undertaking extensive research. Because only our kidneys, from our organs in our body, give us a report about their work by expelling a product we call urine. For this reason, the coincidental finding of any finding in the urine leads the person to the above-mentioned anxiety rightly.
WHAT IS PROTEINURIA?
About 150mg of protein is excreted in the urine per day. This amount is not detected in simple urine examinations in routine use. At young ages, before the age of 30, proteinuria, which we call postural proteinuria, can be seen almost all of which is thrown during active times of the day (daytime), never exceeding 1 gm per day. This is a physiological state. However, it may be necessary to investigate and explain whether such cases are a symptom of another kidney disease or not (such as military school examinations or insurance procedures). Such a finding should almost always be followed up to the age of 30. Some proteinuria may also be seen transiently or intermittently in febrile conditions and heart failure. Generally, if there is a proteinuria above 300mg per day, it can be detected in routine urine tests.
Complete urinalysis, In this method, urine findings can be measured by means of a test tool called a dip stick, and thanks to the indicators that work with the color index on it, a semi-numeric expression between 1+ and 4+. with detection capability. The numerical total value of the daily excretion of proteinuria, which is easily detected in a random urine sample, is very important. This amount can even be useful in estimating the type of the disease. In addition, some kind of disease (min. Higher daily protein excretion suggests a more unfavorable prognosis. In general, proteinuria of 500mg or more in the daily urine is perceived as significant proteinuria, especially when it exceeds 1gm. Especially, a daily protein excretion of 3 gm or more means more albumin loss due to its small molecule, which causes a decrease in the amount of albumin in the blood since it is an unmet loss. As a result, fluid accumulation in all parts of the body (legs, abdomen, pleural cavity), ie edema, is observed. We call this condition nephrotic syndrome. Nephrotic syndrome is always a disease of the functional organ of the kidney, which we call the nephron, the part of the kidney that we call the glomeruli consisting of capillaries. We call such diseases glomerulonephritis.
These diseases, which have many types, also cause other complaints such as high blood pressure and blood in the urine. The most important thing is that a significant part of these diseases end with kidney failure (high urea) in cases where the treatment cannot be performed. If proteinuria is detected in simple urinalysis, daily urine should be collected and a daily amount should be determined. Kidney biopsy should be performed in a nephrology clinic in the early and active period and before kidney failure develops, especially if it progresses with daily proteinuria of 1 gm or more. It is important to determine the type of glomerulonephritis by examining this piece of glomerulonephritis with special methods in a nephropathology laboratory. These diseases are diseases that develop as a result of the inflammatory reaction initiated by the antibody-antigen complexes formed by the immune system that protects our body by developing a reaction against itself (auto-immune) by settling in the kidneys. For this reason, it will require the use of certain immunosuppressive drugs for a while or continuously. These treatments may have successful, partially successful or unsuccessful results, which vary according to each type of glomerulonephritis and may differ from patient to patient.
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