1) What is myoma?
Myomas are benign mass formations called abnormal cell development in the smooth muscle tissue of the uterus and cervix. It is considered an indicator of abnormal development of the cells in the smooth muscle tissue in the area for some reason. Myomas are diagnosed incidentally during routine gynecological examinations, as a product of the hormonal imbalance experienced by women of reproductive age due to genetic and environmental factors. These benign formations can continue without showing any symptoms. For this reason, monitoring is often preferred rather than treatment. However, although they are generally called benign tumors, they must be treated as malignant tumors depending on their location and stage of development.
2) What causes myomas?
There is no scientifically proven information about why fibroids form. However, this phenomenon, called abnormal cell development, is thought to occur under the influence of hormone levels. According to research, there is information that abnormal cell growth occurs due to the increase in estrogen hormone, which has an active role in the anatomical structure of women. It has been determined that estrogen hormone, which increases especially during women's pregnancy, is effective in the growth of existing myomas, and that the decrease in estrogen hormone with the cessation of ovulation functions after menopause causes regression in existing myomas and disappears spontaneously over time. Therefore, estrogen hormone levels are involved in the formation and development of myomas. Apart from this, considering that there is a genetic predisposition, it has been determined that women whose mothers or sisters have been diagnosed with myoma are more prone to myoma.
3) What are the types of myoma?
Myomas It presents with different symptoms depending on the area where it is located, its number and size. For this reason, they are classified according to the region where they are located and treatment options are determined.
-Submucosal myomas (myomas that form in the inner layer of the uterus)
Submucous myomas, which are generally encountered rarely, are located in the lower part of the uterine cavity. They occur and develop in time. It is thought that as submucous myomas develop, they may cause serious problems such as blockage of the fallopian tubes and inability to become pregnant. Although it does not cause any complaints most of the time, it causes menstrual periods to be intense and painful, and anemia and clotting problems may occur along with heavy bleeding.
-Intramural myomas (myomas located in the middle layer of the uterus)
The most common type of myomas are intramural myomas located in the uterine wall. If they grow, they cause a feeling of fullness and swelling in the uterus. However, this situation can be confused with weight gain or pregnancy in many women. Its symptoms include clots in menstrual bleeding and pressure on neighboring organs due to its growth, causing pelvic pain and the need to urinate frequently.
-Subserosal myomas (myomas located in the outer layer of the uterus)
Uterus These are myomas that grow outside the uterus through its wall. If it grows, it puts pressure on the surrounding tissues and causes pelvic pain. It also causes complaints such as excessive bleeding and abnormal vaginal discharge. If these myomas are stalked, they may extend from outside the uterus towards the uterus and give the appearance of a different mass.
-Stemmed myomas
These types of myomas generally develop on a stalk and tend to hang outwards from the inside of the uterus. When they rotate around their stems, they can cause pain and pressure. In addition, these behaviors can cause degeneration and negatively affect the environmental conditions.
4) What are the problems caused by myomas?
Generally, myomas cause pain, severe bleeding and frequent urination. Problems such as the need for removal are treated after removal by surgical intervention. Although it is rarely encountered during adolescence, it causes various problems in some women until menopause. Myomas, which are mostly located in the mucosa layer covering the inside of the uterus, disrupt the intrauterine environment and cause irregular and excessive bleeding. Myomas that have grown towards the outer surface of the uterus are usually It can continue without showing any symptoms. The most common complaints of myoma are menstrual bleeding that lasts longer than normal and more severe bleeding. Anemia problems accompany the increase in bleeding. In addition to heavy and prolonged menstrual bleeding, it causes abnormal vaginal bleeding on days other than menstrual periods.
In addition to the complaints caused by fibroids, problems with not being able to become pregnant may occur due to the lack of suitable conditions for the embryo to attach and develop as a result of the deterioration of the uterine structure.
5) When do myomas need to be treated?
After the diagnosis of myomas; The type of treatment is determined by taking into account the region where it is located, complaints and growth behaviors.
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