It is the extension of the lowest parts of the cerebellum into the spinal columns in the neck to varying degrees. While the brain and cerebellum are located within the skull in normal individuals, in those with cerebellar prolapse, the cerebellum prolapses outside the skull.
Cerebellum prolapse is usually congenital, and it rarely occurs later. The most common one is Type-1, and this type is seen in 90-95%. Following Type-1 prolapse, Type-2 cerebellum prolapse, which is seen in newborns with a sac in the neck and waist (meningocele), is the second most common. Type-1, which is seen in adults, usually begins to cause complaints at the age of 25-30. It is slightly more common in women than in men. The most common complaints are; Headache, neck, back and shoulder pain, imbalance, dizziness, eye pressure, pain, tinnitus complaints, in more severe complicated types, difficulty in swallowing, hoarseness, motor and sensory defects are observed. While the complaints are intermittent at first, new complaints and findings appear in later cases. In 60% of all cerebellar prolapses, there is a cyst (Syringomyelia) within the spinal cord, and this cyst causes the patient to complain at an early age.
In addition, these patients usually start to complain at a young age. 10-15% of cerebellar prolapses are hereditary. Approximately 40% of the spinal curvatures (scoliosis) are caused by cerebellar prolapse. In those treated for cerebellar prolapse, spinal curvatures begin to improve. Approximately 10-15% of all cerebellar prolapses are accompanied by water accumulation in the brain (hydrocephalus). The diagnosis of cerebellar prolapse is easily diagnosed radiologically by brain and cervical Magnetic Mesonance (MRI).
Saggings of up to 5 mm in adults and up to 6 mm in children are considered normal. These rates are invalid for cerebellar prolapses with cysts in the spinal cord. The basic question is whether cerebellar prolapse causes symptoms and complaints or not? The answer to this question is found through neurological examination and imaging. There is no medical treatment for cerebellar prolapse. Those who have complaints and symptoms or whose cerebellum prolapse progresses during follow-up are treated with cerebellum surgery. The main purpose of cerebellum prolapse is to determine what type of prolapse it is and whether it causes any complaints, what medical test is performed, and most importantly, what surgical technique will be performed. ir. In answering these questions, detailed neurological, radiological and brain nerve conduction tests help in diagnosis and differential diagnosis.
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