What is a Brain Bleeding? Brain Bleeding Symptoms and Treatment

Symptoms of brain hemorrhage may differ depending on the severity and amount of bleeding, the amount of brain tissue affected and the area where the bleeding occurs.

What is a brain hemorrhage?

Any condition that occurs in the skull for any reason. This type of bleeding is called cerebral hemorrhage. Complications of cerebral hemorrhage, which can be life-threatening as well as a serious health problem, vary depending on the cause of the hemorrhage, the location and amount of the hemorrhage.

The probability of developing brain hemorrhages, which is common in hypertension patients, especially in hot summer days or after head trauma, increases due to not keeping blood pressure under control. For this reason, in cases where abnormal symptoms are felt on a hot summer day, a blow to the head, or a high blood pressure is detected, the possibility of cerebral hemorrhage should be emphasized and health institutions should be consulted without delay. It is a health problem that occurs as a result of bleeding. The blood leakage caused by the trauma in the vein causes the death of the cells in the brain tissue around the vein. The reason for this is edema formation in the area around the vein after bleeding. This swelling, called cerebral edema, collects in a mass, also known as a hematoma.

The said mass puts pressure on the surrounding brain tissue and reduces blood flow to these tissues. As a result, brain cells begin to die because they cannot reach enough blood. Celebral hemorrhage; It can occur anywhere inside the brain, between the brain and the meninges, between the layers of the meninges, or anywhere between the skull and the meninges.

What are the Symptoms of Brain Hemorrhage?

Symptoms of brain hemorrhage may differ according to the severity and amount of the bleeding, the amount of brain tissue affected and the area where the bleeding occurs. Symptoms due to bleeding may be obvious symptoms that develop suddenly, or they may start mildly and worsen over time. Symptoms that indicate cerebral hemorrhage and require immediate application to emergency services are as follows:

• Sudden onset headaches,
• Nausea and vomiting,
  
• Loss of consciousness,
  
• Paralysis,
  
• Weakness in the arms and legs,
  
• Visual disturbances,
  
• Numbness and tingling in various parts of the body,
  
• tremors in the hands,
  
• Difficulty in speaking and understanding the other person,
  
• Abnormal taste in the mouth,
  
• Loss of balance and coordination,
  
• Difficulty swallowing,

Many of the above symptoms are conditions that can occur due to many health problems other than cerebral hemorrhage. However, since cerebral hemorrhage is a serious life-threatening condition that can lead to death and disability, it is very important for patients who experience one or more of these symptoms to undergo a medical examination as soon as possible as a precaution. There are causes and risk factors that increase the possibility of bleeding in the brain. The most important ones can be listed as follows:

• Trauma to the head,
• High blood pressure,
  
• Aneurysm (Weakening of the expanding blood vessel walls),
  
• Vascular occlusions,
  
• Congenital blood vessel anomalies,
  
• Blood diseases and coagulation disorders,
  
• Brain tumors,
  
• Liver diseases,

The above factors can be counted as the most common causes of brain hemorrhages. Head trauma is the most common cause of cerebral hemorrhages in healthy individuals under 50 years of age. The risk of cerebral hemorrhage increases considerably when the head is hit as a result of frequent falls due to balance and coordination disorders in the elderly. For this reason, after the blows to the head area, health institutions should be consulted as soon as possible.

What are the Types of Brain Hemorrhage?

Brain hemorrhage can be classified according to the conditions that cause the bleeding or the region where the bleeding occurs. Cerebral hemorrhages according to the factor causing bleeding;

• Traumatic hemorrhage,
• Hypertensive hemorrhage,
• Aneurysmatic hemorrhage,
• Intratumoral hemorrhage,

Bleeding that occurs in the water-filled spaces inside the cavity is called intraventricular bleeding. Bleeding between the cerebral cortex, which is the outermost layer surrounding the brain, and the skull, is defined as epidural hemorrhage.

Hemorrhages that develop after head traumas and skull fractures are usually epidural hemorrhages. Another type of cerebral hemorrhage, subdural hemorrhage, is the type of hemorrhage that occurs between the layers of the membrane that surrounds the brain. Subdural hemorrhages, which usually occur as a result of traumas, vascular injuries, blood diseases and decrease in intracranial pressure, may develop spontaneously in some cases without any reason.

Bleeding between the innermost layer of the membranes surrounding the brain and the middle layer is called subarachnoid hemorrhage. The most common cause of this type of cerebral hemorrhage is when the brain vessels bleed for a reason such as an aneurysm. At the same time, subarachnoid hemorrhages may develop due to trauma and infectious causes. Determining the type of brain hemorrhage is very important in terms of treatment approach.

How to Diagnose Brain Hemorrhage?

Patients who apply to health institutions or experience symptoms of cerebral hemorrhage after head trauma are usually taken to emergency services. The most common scanning method used in the investigation of cerebral hemorrhage is computed tomography. In addition, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique can also be used in some cases.

In addition to imaging techniques, neurological examination and eye examinations are applied. With the help of these applications, it can be determined whether the symptoms seen in the patient are caused by cerebral hemorrhage, and whether there is cerebral hemorrhage in patients presenting with head trauma. In case of diagnosis of cerebral hemorrhage, the amount, region, type and condition of the hemorrhage should be determined.

Cerebral hemorrhage, which is one of the most urgent and risky situations in the field of medicine, can cause paralysis and death in a short time. Therefore, immediate intervention is required. In patients diagnosed with cerebral hemorrhage, a treatment plan is immediately established by considering the findings.

How to Treat Brain Hemorrhage?

Brain and nerve cells can be damaged in a short time. are the most sensitive cells of the body. If enough blood cannot reach the brain tissue, even for a very short time, irreversible damage or cell death occurs. In most cases, the treatment approach in brain hemorrhages is to ensure that the damaged area of ​​the brain reaches sufficient blood as soon as possible and to minimize the damage. In the treatment of patients with cerebral hemorrhage, surgical interventions may be required depending on factors such as the amount of bleeding, the size of the affected area, its location and cause. If surgical intervention is not required, patients are treated using conservative methods. Some patients can fully recover with the help of supportive treatments they receive during their observation period.

Possible complications include stroke, loss of function in the brain, side effects related to treatment and drug use. Patients are at risk of death. There is a significant increase in the risk of death, especially if the intervention is delayed. However, in cases of cerebral hemorrhage, death can sometimes occur despite timely emergency medical treatments. Initiating the treatment as soon as possible and keeping it under observation until the risk disappears in transient ischemic attacks seen in cerebral hemorrhage significantly reduces the risk of stroke and permanent damage.

In order to prevent cerebral hemorrhages, it is important to constantly control blood pressure in patients with hypertension, to give importance to a salt-free diet, and to adjust the dose of medication very well for the patient. In addition, completely avoiding smoking and drug use, paying attention to the use of seat belts for vehicle users and helmets for motorcycle drivers, taking care to adapt to the current treatment process in aneurysm patients, and not interrupting routine tests in patients using blood thinners are very effective in protecting from cerebral hemorrhage.

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