Complication literally means to become complicated. Complication in medical terminology means the addition of a new problem to an existing disease or condition during treatment. This is different from malpractice, that is, wrong treatment. Complications may occur for a number of other reasons, even when treatment is performed correctly.
A fracture is the disruption of the integrity of a bone. In the early stages of fracture, there are symptoms such as pain, swelling, bruising, deformity, loss of function, regional sensitivity, sound caused by the fracture ends rubbing against each other, and abnormal movement in an area where there should not normally be movement.
Complications of fracture. What are:
Complications of fracture are examined under 4 headings:
Complications in the fracture area,
Complications in the areas adjacent to the fracture complications,
Complications in the area close to the fracture,
Systemic complications
1-Complications in the Fracture Area
Delayed union: Sometimes fractures may not heal in the expected time. It is different for every bone and age, but if there is no union within 6 months, we can talk about delayed union.
Non-union: Some fractures may not heal at all. Again, it is different for every bone and age, but if the union is not completed within 9 months, nonunion can be mentioned.
Poor union: Sometimes the union may not be as desired. Angular curvature or rotation may occur, as well as deformity due to excessive union.
Growth changes: The broken bone may become shorter or longer. Elongation is usually seen in children.
Avascular necrosis: It can be seen in "femur bone neck region fractures", especially those involving the hip joint, "scaphoid" fractures in the wrist and "talus" fractures in the ankle.
Osteomyelitis. : (bone inflammation). If the fracture ends are exposed to the external environment (open fracture) or rarely in closed fractures or after surgery, infection in the bone may occur.
2- Complications in the Area Adjacent to the Fracture
Skin , subcutaneous, muscle, tendon injuries: Impact or broken bone ends that occur during the injury and skin t, subcutaneous, muscle and tendon injuries may occur.
Vasin injuries: Likewise, an injury that may occur in the vessels may disrupt the blood supply to a limb and even cause the loss of that limb.
Compartment syndrome: Very troublesome. is a situation. Excessive pressure may occur in the tissues of that area. This increase in pressure can damage the soft tissues (nerves, vessels and muscles) in that area and cause further disabilities (such as amputation, permanent deformity and dysfunction in the limbs).
Nerve injuries: Impact, fracture that occurs during the injury. Injury to the nerves may occur due to bone ends or compartment syndrome, resulting in loss of sensation or voluntary movement (motor) in a certain area.
Neighbouring organ injuries: In organs close to the broken bone (intra-abdominal organs, sexual organs, urinary tract, in pelvic fractures). Vessels and nerves (heart, lung and large vessels) may occur in rib and sternum fractures.
3-Complications in the Area Close to the Fracture
Arthritis: In the joint area. Joint cartilage may also be damaged in fractures, which may lead to joint deterioration in the future.
Joint stiffness: Even if there is no injury to the joint, there may be frostbite in the joints due to inactivity. The risk of joint movement limitation is much higher in intra-articular fractures and fracture-dislocations.
Heterotopic Ossification: Bony tissues may form within the fracture area and surrounding soft tissues.
Sudek atrophy: Immobility, especially in the limb where the fracture occurs. related osteoporosis may develop. It is a condition that causes skin thinning, shine and pain. It is especially common in wrist and ankle fractures.
4-Systemic Complications
Shock: Bleeding outside or inside can sometimes pose a life threat by putting the patient into shock.
Fat embolism: Especially in long bone fractures, fatty bone marrow may enter the circulation and travel to the lungs, causing obstruction.
Deep vein thrombosis: It occurs with a clot (thrombus) formed in the veins of the limb where the fracture is located. may come. This clot or a part of it may enter the circulation and travel to the lungs, threatening life.
Pressure sore: Being immobile for a long time due to a fracture may affect the lower body. It may cause pressure sores in the areas that remain under the bed and come into contact with the bed.
Fracture fever: There may be a mild fever in the first days due to the fracture.
Psychological disorders: Injury and disability of the person may even cause psychological disorders. It may cause.
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