Sweating caused by the temperature during the summer period paves the way for fungal infections, and public areas such as pools and gyms paves the way for fungal infections as well as viral diseases such as warts and molluscum.
1-Molloscum Contagiosum:
Molloscum contagiosum is a viral disease. It is transmitted from person to person through close contact. Sexual intercourse, direct contact, and shared items such as towels and sheets are effective in transmission. The disease is limited to the skin and the extent of the lesions depends on the person's body resistance. Molloscum lesions tend to spread in children with an allergic constitution, which we call atopic. The lesions are usually arranged close together in the form of acne-like but harder and rounded bumps around the genital area and anus. When the bumps are squeezed, a whitish material comes out. Diagnosis can be made with a careful examination. In order to prevent the spread of lesions that do not heal in a short time, they can be treated by applying local anesthetic creams, burning them with electrocautery, freezing them with nitrogen oxide gas (cryotherapy), or using solutions containing Kantharidin.
2-Viral warts:
The causative agent of viral warts is human papilloma virus (HPV). The agent is transmitted from person to person, from animal to person, or from person to animal through close contact. Patients with infection can spread the virus to different parts of their bodies (autoinoculation). The incubation period of the disease is highly variable. Some types of HPV virus (types 6, 8, 11, etc.) are carcinogenic. It can cause cervical cancer in female patients and penile cancer in men. HPV vaccines, given in 3 doses, have been developed all over the world to protect against these carcinogenic types. HPV vaccine has been available in the USA and our country since 2007. It is appropriate to give the vaccine to girls starting from the age of 12-15. Vaccination should be done until the age of 26 at the latest. Recently, the vaccine has started to be administered to men abroad. The protection of the vaccine is 90%. The HPV vaccine protects against types 16, 18, 6 and 11. The two vaccines that have been introduced to the market (Gardasil) and (Cervarix) are preventive vaccines. A smear should be taken from the cervix of the female partners of male patients with genital warts. is. In case of genital warts occurring in pregnant women, birth should be done by cesarean section due to the risk of passing the HPV virus to the baby.
Warts can be seen in many places such as hands, feet, face, mouth, genital area and anus area. Plantar warts are confused with calluses. Sexual contact is very important in the transmission of genital warts, and in case of warts seen in other places, swimming pools, public areas, gyms, shaking hands and kissing are very important. Warts around the nails are more common in people who have nail-biting habits and have manicures and pedicures. Clinically, it appears as skin-colored or brown-colored, raised, hard and rough-surfaced lesions. They are normally painless lesions. But plantar warts are painful. Playing with, picking, and delaying the treatment of warts causes them to spread. The diagnosis is made clinically. Virus typing is done with a technique called PCR.
Acidic solutions that cause local destruction may be preferred in the treatment of small and few warts. For many and large warts, freezing with liquid nitrogen oxide gas at -196 C, which we call cryotherapy, and burning with heat, which we call electrocautery, should be preferred in the treatment. Solutions containing Kantharidin, which are painless to apply, are preferred in children. Additionally, products such as green tea and echinacea can be added to the treatment to support the immune system.
3-Pityriasis Versicolor:
In our country and in the world It is one of the most common diseases. It is also called samyeli among the people. The causative agent is a fungus called Malassezia furfur, which is found in the normal flora of the skin. This is a superficial fungal infection that manifests itself with pigment changes that occur as a result of increased colonization of the fungus in the upper layers of the skin when it finds suitable conditions such as humidity and sweating. The disease mostly occurs in adolescence. It affects both genders equally. It can also be seen in babies who sweat heavily. It is clinically characterized by lesions that can be seen as milky brown spots at multiple skin levels, most commonly on the trunk, neck and upper extremities, or can also be seen as discoloration of the skin. The causative fungus is normal on the skin Since it prevents the red pigmentation process, the lesions can be light or dark in color. Lesions are usually localized in areas rich in sebaceous glands. Human-to-human transmission is extremely rare. Infection is more common in people who sweat a lot, whose bodies are constantly wet and humid, who use broad-spectrum antibiotics and topical cortisone creams for a long time, and in diabetic patients.
The diagnosis is made clinically and by examining the skin scraping taken from the lesion with a simple KOH test. . In addition, a yellow-green fluorescence is detected on the lesions during examination with Wood's light. When the lesion is lightly scraped, flaking (a sign of chipping) is observed. This process helps in diagnosis.
Topical or oral antifungal drugs are used in the treatment. Color change after treatment may continue for several months. Pityriasis versicolor is a disease that tends to recur. For this reason, antifungal shampoos should be repeated in the bathroom once or a few times a month, and the body should not be left damp.
4- Foot and Groin fungal infections:
Foot fungus. :
There are four main types of fungal infections observed in the feet:
1-Vesicular type
2-Interdigital (toe) type
3-Hyperkeratotic type (moccasin)
Tinea pedis, which is mostly seen in adult men, is the most common dermatological disease. He is also known as Celalettin Mukhtar among the public. The most common agents are Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and E. Floccosum. Foot sweating, arterial and venous circulation disorders, keeping the feet moist, diabetes and old age facilitate foot fungal infections. Clinically, it is seen as cracks on the toes, watery lesions, redness and water-filled blisters on the bottom of the feet, and sometimes dryness and flaking. Patients are disturbed by itching and foot odor. Public living spaces such as pools, gyms, saunas, procedures such as manicure and pedicure, and fungal infections in family members are important in the spread. Diagnosis is made by treating the scraping taken from the foot skin with KOH, examining it directly under a microscope, and culturing it in Saboroud agar medium. Topical antifuge in treatment ngal medications should be used for 6-8 weeks. Sometimes oral antifungals can be added to the treatment for 3-4 weeks (especially in hyperkeratotic and vesicular type fungi). It is important for patients with foot fungus to be careful about contagion in order to protect themselves from infection.
Inguinal fungus:
Tinea inguinalis is a fungal infection that occurs in the thigh and groin area. It is often seen together with foot fungus in men and adolescent children. The most common agents are Trichophyton rubrum and Epidermophyton. floccosum. In general, close contact, towels, bedding and people with hand-foot fungus are important in transmission. In fungal infections, the person's body resistance prevents the spread. Obesity and diabetes are risk factors for groin fungus. It is more common in men. It is a condition characterized by lesions in the groin, where bilateral redness is more evident at the edges, with scaling and sometimes water-filled blisters. Diagnosis and treatment are the same as for foot fungus.
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