Breathing comfortably through the nose is an important need for people of all ages. As the air taken from the nose passes through this area, it is humidified, filtered, cleaned of germs and sent to the lungs. The turbinates on both sides of the nose, which we commonly call nasal meatus, and the mucosa covering the inside of the nose play an important role in the nose performing this task. The vibrating hairs on the tissue we call mucosa covering the inside of the nose, which cleans the microbes like a broom, and the secretion we call mucus, which is secreted from this mucosa and keeps the microbes there and prevents them from passing to lower areas, make important contributions to these functions. Along with these functions, healthy breathing through the nose is also of great importance in terms of ventilation of the middle ear and olfactory functions.
WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF NOSE CONGESTION
The most common causes. Among these, curvatures in the middle section of the nose (septum deviation) and enlargement of the nasal concha (turbinate hypertrophy) can be shown, which occur as a result of congenital or subsequent trauma. Especially in allergic people, nasal flesh growths seen in sinusitis, flu, cold and intranasal inflammation make breathing difficult. Using nasal drops, which should be used for short periods of time, without a doctor's supervision, for a long time, and being constantly used in places with smoking and unhealthy weather conditions, helps trigger this condition.
WHAT CONDITIONS CAN BE CAUSED BY NOSE CONGESTION
⦁ Due to constant mouth breathing due to a blocked nose, dirty and dry air constantly passes through the throat, causing chronic throat infections and the condition we call pharyngitis.
⦁ Snoring and sleep. disorders-sleep apnea may develop.
⦁ It triggers or aggravates lung and heart problems.
⦁ Dry mouth develops in the morning.
⦁ It may predispose to sexual dysfunctions. .
⦁ There is a tendency to develop psychological problems
⦁ Voice quality deteriorates and nasal speech develops
⦁ Bed-wetting problems may be observed in children at night.
⦁ Difficulty or getting tired easily in sports, exercise and normal daily physical movements It starts.
DIAGNOSIS OF NASALE CONGRUPT
First of all, an examination by an Ear-Nose-Throat specialist is required. In this examination, in addition to the routine examination, the nasal mucosa is anesthetized and all structures within the nose are evaluated in detail using imaging methods called endoscope. If necessary, computerized tomography and sometimes even MRI can easily detect the causes that may cause congestion in the tissues in and around the nose.
TREATMENT OF NOSE CONGRESSION
Treatment will undoubtedly be directed towards the cause. In cases of cold, flu and allergic rhinitis that may cause enlargement of the nasal flesh, drug treatment is first applied. In case of intranasal and sinus infections, medical treatment is planned to treat them with medication, or for polyps growing inside the nose, medical treatment is planned to shrink them. Surgical intervention is an important option in cases that cannot be treated with medication or in cases of middle nasal septum deviation (septum deviation). Nasal congestion surgery should be performed in cases where nasal congestion greatly affects the person's quality of life, in cases where continuous mouth breathing and snoring or breathing problems during sleep are observed.
Curvature of the middle compartment of the nose (septum) Growth of the turbinate
p>Aesthetic nose surgery (Rhinoplasty)
The nose is the most aesthetic part of the face due to its anatomical location. Its anatomical structure varies greatly from person to person, therefore, in aesthetic nose surgeries, which we call Rhinoplasty, these differences should be taken into consideration and the most natural result that is compatible with the person in terms of aesthetics and function should be aimed. Although there are some scientific angles and measurements, these angles may sometimes not meet the patient's expectations. For this reason, aesthetic nose surgeries should be planned individually.
Planning the Surgery
Before aesthetic nose surgery, the patient's expectations should be known by speaking in detail. Some patients want to improve the appearance of the nose and also relieve its congestion. For this reason, the examination should aim to correct problems such as cartilage curvature in the inner part of the nose and nasal flesh growth with the same surgery. All these problems are solved by the patient before the surgery. The most appropriate form of treatment for the patient should be decided together after a detailed discussion. Each patient's cartilage, bone and skin structures are different. The postoperative conditions that a patient with thick skin or a nose deformity may face to one side should be explained in detail and the most appropriate surgery should be planned for the patient.
Surgery and After
Aesthetic and functional nose surgeries are surgeries performed under general anesthesia and last 2-3 hours. After the surgery, a plaster cast will remain on the outside of the nose for approximately 1 week, and silicone tampons that will remain for 3-4 days and allow some air to be taken from the nose are placed inside. After the surgery, swelling and bruising may occur on the face and around the eyes, which may vary from person to person but may last for 1-2 weeks. After the cast is removed, massage on the nose may sometimes be recommended. He can start work in about 2 weeks. It is generally recommended not to wear glasses for 3 months and to protect from the sun. It takes a period of 7-8 months for the nose to take its full shape.
TREATMENT OF SEPTUM DEVIATION AND CUSHION REDUCTION;
The only treatment option for nasal midline bone curvature. It is surgery. The curvature of the nasal bone is corrected with a surgery called septoplasty. This surgery can be performed under local or general anesthesia. It is often performed under general anesthesia for patient comfort. The operation time is 30-45 minutes, excluding anesthesia. The surgical incision is made through the nose. Bones obstructing the nasal air passage are removed, and if cartilage curvatures can be corrected, they are corrected and replaced. If there is swelling in the nasal concha, it is corrected in the same operation. The airway is opened. Nasal packing is often applied after surgery. Many types of tampons can be used after these surgeries.
NASALE CONGESTION IN BABIES AND CHILDREN
Breathing through the nose during infancy and childhood is very important for children's health. The most common cause of breathing difficulty is the size of adenoids, popularly known as "adenoids". Nasal congestion, if not noticed in children, disorders in the dental and palate structure, developmental delay, height and weight falling behind their peers, school failure It can lead to very serious problems such as weight loss and disruptions in mental development. In addition to these, behavioral disorders, hyperactivity, bed urination at night, heart and rhythm disorders may also be observed. If the adenoid completely blocks the back space of the nose or causes diseases related to the middle ear and/or sinuses and is not resolved with medical treatment, it requires surgical treatment. This surgery is considered to be a technically easy but special surgery, and its success is high. In recent years, we have been performing adenoid surgery using radiofrequency energy, a method we call the plasma method. This technology not only reduces the possibility of bleeding and postoperative pain, but also provides a comfortable treatment option by shortening the surgery time. An important cause of nasal congestion in children is childhood sinusitis. This situation requires a specific and patient drug treatment process. In cases where drug treatment fails, we can clean the sinuses endoscopically in very carefully selected children. Allergic reasons and some developmental anatomical conditions may also cause nasal congestion. A detailed history should be taken because unilateral nasal congestion and discharge in children may be due to a foreign object inserted into the nose. Rarely, nasal congestion in children may be due to benign or malignant tumors
NASE CONGRUPT IN PREGNANCY
Estrogen, which is a maternal hormone and increases during pregnancy, affects the tissues lining the nose. It causes swelling and triggers increased secretion in the nose. In addition, during motherhood, the volume of blood circulation in the body increases and blood vessels expand, causing the nasal mucosa to swell. Other maternal hormones may also play a role in causing this condition. Nasal congestion that develops as a result of these forms the basis of pregnancy flu, as it is commonly known.
Nasal congestion specific to pregnancy should not be confused with sinusitis or other diseases. In addition to nasal congestion, symptoms such as inflammatory runny nose, fatigue, fever, headache and sore throat are also observed in sinusitis or flu. Symptoms of allergic rhinitis include watery eye and nose discharge and itching, and itching in the throat. There are sneezes and sneezes. The patient's sensitivity to allergens such as dust or pollen, which previously caused her complaints, may increase during pregnancy.
This obstruction seen during pregnancy can be very disturbing, especially when lying down. Therefore, elevating the head can reduce nasal fullness (congestion). Drinking plenty of fluids helps relieve throat symptoms; It prevents throat and nose secretions from condensing and drying out. Warm baths, keeping the room moist, and applying steam can relieve nasal congestion. In the humidification devices used, due care should be taken to clean the liquid reservoirs and filters in case they contain microbes. Walking and some light exercises are good. Repeated use of saline sprays is very beneficial as they reduce edema in the nasal mucosa and help mechanically clean the nose. Tapes that widen the nasal wing may be beneficial as they increase air entry into the nose. Cigarette smoke, dusty environments, air pollution and sudden temperature changes negatively affect nasal functioning, causing increased congestion. Such environments should be avoided and preventive measures should be taken.
Due to the possibility of harming the baby in the first trimester of pregnancy, it is not recommended to use any medication other than nasal washing solutions. After this period, in cases where nasal congestion continues despite the measures taken and is problematic, nasal decongestant or edema-relieving sprays can be applied on a limited basis under the supervision of a doctor. When necessary, some antidiarrheal and antiallergic medications can be administered after consulting the gynecologist.
However, if nasal congestion continues and does not go away despite everything, it should be considered that other diseases may be the cause of the symptoms. Apart from septum deviation, also known as middle nasal curvature, turbinate enlargement and sinus diseases can also cause nasal congestion. When pregnancy is added to the presence of these problems, the situation may become more disturbing. These problems should be treated in the post-pregnancy period.
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