For centuries, the relationship between body and soul has been treated with reductionism from an idealist materialist perspective. In this way, the dilemma of giving importance to one of the components and rejecting the other is solved. The same reductionism is evident regarding the origin of thoughts: thoughts are produced by the brain, no matter how they are produced. The brain is then conceptualized as a computer isolated from the integrity of the body and interpersonal relationships. Psychosomatic, psychiatric, psychosocial mechanisms that may be effective in the emergence of mental illnesses and psychologically-induced pains, which can lead to the emergence of tension-type headaches as a symptom of psychosocial stresses of psychological origin in body pain, and the general characteristics of learned pain are described.
Pain, never. It is undoubtedly one of the life processes that people know very well and are quite disturbing. When the publications on pain are examined, pain in general; It is examined in three groups as acute pain, continuous pain and chronic pain. Acute pain; The person experiences significant discomfort. In other words, the sympathetic nervous system is overstimulated. Chronic pain is persistent and lasts more than 6 months. Autonomic response does not occur in chronic pain. Chronic pain; It causes serious physical and psychological effects. As the pain persists, hormonal and metabolic functions deteriorate and immune suppression occurs. It causes physical damage in later periods, depression, family and marital problems, and even leads to suicide attempts. Considering pain as a constant medical problem due to the idea that pain is a constant physical problem for years, and the lack of a physical reason to treat such pain, can lead to the patient being blamed for not getting results from all treatments.
As a result of some research, the nerve in the spinal cord can be blamed. Assuming that the cells function like a gate and regulate the flow of nerve impulses coming from the primary nerves to the brain, it is suggested that the cortical region responsible for pain perceives and responds to pain when the message about pain reaches a certain speed and passes this threshold. This emphasizes that pain perception is affected by cognition, emotion and behavioral factors in somatic messages.
S Stress and various mental illnesses can cause tension headaches. It has been reported that headache is the second most common complaint in patients due to somatic complaints. Most diseases are affected by stress, mental conflict and generalized anxiety disorder. In some disease conditions, this effect may be greater. We all know that we have a certain resistance limit in our daily lives. Challenging life conditions or events, unmet spiritual needs, our inability to express ourselves, etc. These problems lead to the breakdown of psychophysiological defenses. People with limited ability to express their emotions verbally, or in environments where psychological and behavioral communication channels are blocked, indirectly express their psychological conflict, anxiety and other types of anger, resentment and reaction unconsciously through body language. The patient indirectly expresses his anger, resentment and reaction unconsciously through pain complaints. They use the complaint of pain to expect these behaviors from the environment, such as attention, support and care. Thus, pain comes into play as a means of communication and meeting various psychiatric needs. Over time, the emotional distress caused by pain increases as the pain continues, resulting in the development of a psychological problem as a medical condition. Pain is a learned emotional experience. For this reason, psychological contexts cannot be ignored in the evaluation of pain.
The main theories explaining pain in psychology are; psychoanalytic theory, gate control theory, operant pain model, conditioned fear, pain model, psychophysiological model, cognitive behavioral model. These approaches have also created their own treatment models. The treatment technique used in the treatment of chronic pain is the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) technique, which takes its theory from the Information-Processing approach.
In 1987, Francine Shoprp discovered that voluntary and systematic eye movements reduce the intensity of disturbing thoughts and negative effects. Discovering that it reduces the intensity of thoughts, he developed the EMDR technique and conducted many studies.
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