1. Nutritional Disorders: In people who are not adequately nourished, volumetric shrinkage will occur in the jaw and facial structure, and since normal volume teeth cannot find the necessary place in small jaws, crookedness, rotations, and even impaction will occur.
2. Mouth Breathing or Atypical Swallowing Habit: If chronic inflammations and similar causes continue for a long time, the tonsils may grow excessively. In this case, the airways become narrow and breathing difficulties occur. In order to overcome this difficulty and expand the air passage in that area, the child has to move his lower jaw and therefore his tongue forward. If this situation continues for a long time, the forward position of the lower jaw becomes established. If the tongue gets between the front teeth and prevents the teeth from erupting, an open bite occurs. If the patient cannot breathe through the nose, there may be a negative impact on the growth potential of the upper jaw.
3. Thumb Sucking: A newborn baby has a highly developed sucking mechanism. A baby whose sucking instinct is not satisfied acquires some habits to satisfy this need. This habit is mostly not observed in children who are breastfed for 9-18 months.
Research has shown that thumb sucking develops due to hunger in the first few weeks of life. Since the pain arising from local irritations during the period when the teeth begin to erupt can be relieved by thumb sucking, it can be thought that the habit helps dentition. Thumb sucking decreases with age.
Reasons for thumb sucking:
· Sudden weaning from the mother's breast or bottle
· Stopping sucking in a very short time while the baby is feeding
Adenoid
Tonsils
· Changing the baby's nutrition at long intervals
There is no exact age for the treatment of thumb sucking habit. Appropriate time adjustment is individual for each child. The degree of habituation and the child's history affect time adjustment. In general, if thumb sucking continues after the age of 3.5, treatment should be started.
In the child who continues this habit, the lower and upper teeth in the area of impact may change depending on the number of fingers sucked. stenosis and closing irregularities will be seen.
4. False Pacifier: Sucking a pacifier with physiological properties is not harmful until the age of 1.5. It is even useful in preventing the child from acquiring a bad habit such as thumb sucking. When used continuously, fake pacifiers will have long-term abnormal effects on the tissues within their area of effect, causing irregularities and various closing disorders in those areas.
5. Lying Style: The lying position mostly determines the position of the lower jaw while lying down. This gives us information about the position of the lower jaw for an average of 8 hours a day.
For example, the position of the lower jaw is different in a child lying face down and a child lying on his back. People who have the habit of always lying on the same side while sleeping and placing their hand or fist between their face and the pillow may experience orthodontic problems because the face will be under constant pressure on that side.
6. Bad habits such as clenching teeth, biting nails, biting pencils, biting lips.
7. Early loss of milk teeth.
8.Gum problems
9. Tooth loss
10. Wisdom teeth squeezing the front teeth
11. Genetic predisposition.
12. Hormonal irregularities
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