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The large intestine (colon) is about two meters long and is the part of the digestive system that comes after the small intestine and ends at the anus. Colon cancer is one of the most common cancer types in the world and is among the cancers that cause death. Colon cancer, which is seen equally in men and women, ranks third in terms of incidence among all cancers. Although colon cancer can be seen at any age, more than 90% of patients are over forty years old. From this age, the risk nearly doubles every decade. In fact, the following statement is very important in order to see the frequency of cancer more strikingly: Colorectal cancer develops in one out of every 50 people throughout life!
The exact cause of colon cancer is not known, but there are some environmental and genetic reasons that are effective in its formation. Hereditary factors are of great importance in this regard. The incidence of colon cancer is higher in people who have previously had breast and ovarian cancer and in their families. Nutrition plays an important role in colon cancer. Western diet (excessive fat, animal products) increases the chance of cancer. Colon cancer mostly occurs from polyps (adenomatous) that occur in the large intestine. Common symptoms of colon cancer include bleeding from the anus and change in defecation habits (constipation or diarrhea), feeling of mass in the abdomen, bleeding in the stool, thinning of the stool (pressure effect of the mass), anemia (hidden bleeding from the mass), abdominal pain, excessive gas pains, nausea and vomiting attacks (occlusive effect of the mass), weight loss.
Polyps and early stages of cancer are usually asymptomatic. Therefore, from the age of 45 onwards, even if there are no complaints, lower digestive system endoscopy (colonoscopy, rectosigmoidoscopy) and stool occult blood test should be performed. In colonoscopy, the rectum region is entered from the anus with a special instrument and the region is examined in detail with the help of a light source with a camera system. In order to prevent colon cancer, which is formed by the cancerization of benign polyps, that is, pieces of meat over time, the polyps must be removed by endoscopic methods. World Health Organization and Gastroenterology The guidelines recommend routine colonoscopic examination to anyone over the age of 45, regardless of complaint.
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