What is Specific Learning Disability (SLD)?

What is Specific Learning Disability (SLD)?

Children with normal or above-normal intelligence may have difficulties in reading, writing, listening, understanding, self-expression or mathematics, depending on their age, intelligence level and the education they receive. is below the expected performance in its field. It is a neurodevelopmental disorder. The diagnosis of SLD is made by experts working in the field of mental health through special standard tests. Although there are some symptoms in the preschool period, this diagnosis is generally made in 15-20% of school-age children.

Individuals diagnosed with SLD may be seen together with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), but these two are definitely different disorders. School success is generally low. Failure and disappointment experienced can sometimes cause anxiety disorder or lack of self-confidence.

Early Diagnosis and Its Importance

Early recognition of the problem and early diagnosis are very important in specific learning disabilities. The most commonly diagnosed age in our country is 8-9 years. Early diagnosis and intervention means that children diagnosed with SLD can achieve their desired level of learning. Getting back to normal in a short time with intervention programs; 1-2 . 80 percent for those diagnosed with grade 3-4. 50 percent in grades 4-5. The rate of those diagnosed in classrooms is 30-40 percent. Pre-school diagnosis is very important in ÖÖG. The most important effect of these interventions is that the child reaches the normal education level in a short time.

 

 

What are the Types of Specific Learning Disabilities?

Dyslexia: Difficulty in reading

Dysgraphia: Difficulty in writing

Dyscalculia: Difficulty in mathematics

 

What are the Symptoms of SLD?

Symptoms and findings in SLD are dynamic. Since the symptoms to be acquired vary according to age and period, the symptoms of SLD also vary. It is generally examined in 3 parts.

• Early period - preschool period (0-6 years old)

• School period (7-6 years old). 11 years old)

• 12 years and later

What are the Early Symptoms?

SLD Detection of early symptoms and early diagnosis will contribute positively to the education process.

These symptoms in the pre-school period,

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• Language development,

• Basic concept acquisitions,

• Memory,

• Attention-perception-focus

• Organization,

• Motor development, Difficulty in psychosocial areas

Symptoms related to language development are the most common, most noticed and most well-known group of early symptoms.

What are the Symptoms of Language Development? ?

• Speech delay

• Delay in naming objects

• Delay in naming actions

• Not being able to find words

• Confusing verbs

• Sounds and sounds within words syllable confusion

• Confusion of close-meaning concepts

• Difficulty in understanding and explaining what you read

What are the symptoms of insufficiency in acquiring basic concepts?

It should not be forgotten that children without a diagnosis may also have difficulty in acquiring these concepts. Difficulty or delay in these acquisitions is more evident in children diagnosed with SLD.

What are the Symptoms of Memory Disorders?

Memory is a function that has a very important role in the learning process. Memory problems include forgetting the names of friends, difficulty in memorizing poems and songs, and remembering names such as the city or person they learned.

Memory problems may cause problems in learning games. A child who has difficulty playing games may develop problems in establishing and maintaining friendships.

What are the Symptoms of Attention-Perception-Focus?

Attention problems are not limited to ADHD. Attention is the key to learning. It can be said that the most important cognitive function in the act of learning is attention. It should not be forgotten that attention disorders are common in SLD.

Children with attention problems may also have problems in games. They may have difficulty learning games with rules. Another problem they experience in games is that they fail to continue playing games due to attention and focus problems. Problems experienced in games also negatively affect relationships with friends.

What are the Symptoms of Organizational Disorder?

Even very simple tasks are done in a planned manner in people without a diagnosis. The order of these procedures is confused in these children. is done. For example; They confuse the order of clothes when dressing (such as putting on a sweater without wearing an undershirt). They confuse or make incomplete instructions that depend on each other.

Difficulty in Emotional and Social Areas

They have difficulty in expressing and controlling their emotions. They act more childish depending on their age. They may want to choose games and toys for younger ages. Since they will have difficulty in peer relationships, they try to establish relationships with children younger than themselves. They have difficulty perceiving gestures and facial expressions. For this reason, misunderstandings and inadequacies in understanding occur. Inconsistent anger and cheerfulness may be observed.

 

What are the Symptoms of the School Period?

The symptoms of SLD will change with age. Symptoms from the previous period may continue or change. Different, new symptoms and problems will also be added. More academic problems will arise in the characteristics and symptoms of this period. The following problems can be observed.

 

• Language development and literacy

• Basic concept acquisitions

• Difficulty in learning mathematics

• Memory

• Attention, perception, focus

• Organization

• Motor development

• Psychosocial development

 

 

What are the symptoms seen in reading and writing?

• Difficulty in learning the sound equivalent of letters

• Sounds can be confused (girl-kis)

• Sounds and syllables can be read backwards (ev-ve)

• Similar letters are mixed (b-p, m-n, u-ü)

• Mixing in letter orders (okul_oklu)

• Writing letters and numbers upside down

• Spelling is incorrect

• The writings are illegible

• Writing texts and letters in reverse direction (right to left)

• Reading is not fluent

• Words are wrong when reading read

• Difficulty in understanding what they read

• They make mistakes and have difficulty in copying what is on the board to the notebook, taking notes, and dictating

• Express thoughts verbally and in writing They have difficulty in teaching

• Homework is very difficult to do, it is not done completely, it takes a long time

 

What are the Symptoms of SLD After School Period (in adulthood)?

Problems seen in adults include slow reading and writing speed, frequent writing and spelling errors, poor handwriting, time organization disorders, frequent lateness, appointments. They have difficulty with their time, have difficulty in organizing, and have difficulty in using maps, plans, sketches.

 

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