These are the changes that the reproductive organs undergo every month due to the influence of hormones. These changes end in pregnancy or
menstrual bleeding. The menstrual cycle lasts an average of 28 days.
Day 1; The day when menstrual bleeding begins is considered the 1st day of the cycle.
1-14. day; During this period, also called the estrogen phase, the hormone called FSH
is released from the pituitary gland in the brain, and FSH stimulates the production of estrogen (female hormone) from the ovaries.
2-5th day; The inner layer of the uterus is shed and bleeding gradually decreases.
6th day; Today, when bleeding ends, eggs begin to develop in sacs called follicles in the ovaries and the inner layer of the uterus, called endometrium, gradually thickens.
7-12th day; The vesicles containing the egg grow and estrogen production continues.
13-14th day; Ovulation occurs on these days. If sexual intercourse is performed during this period, pregnancy may occur. During ovulation, groin pain and slight bleeding may occur, during these days
body temperature increases.
15-18th day; The egg released from the ovaries comes to the uterus through the tubes. Meanwhile, estrogen level
drops and the hormone called progesterone begins to be released from the ovaries.
19-20th day; The uterus is ready for pregnancy. Complaints related to premenstrual syndrome begin in this period.
21-28th day; The glands in the endometrium enlarge and blood vessels increase.
HOW DAYS DOES NORMAL MENSTRUAL BLEEDING LAST?
The duration of menstrual bleeding may differ in women, bleeding lasting 2-7 days is normal.
The duration of the menstrual cycle Its length should be between 21-35 days. During adolescence, when bleeding begins, cycles become more irregular.
WHEN DOES MENSTRUAL BLEEDING START?
The first menstrual bleeding is called menarche. Menstrual bleeding begins between the ages of 9 and 16. Menarche may be delayed in girls who do sports
or are very thin. If menstrual bleeding has not started until the age of fifteen, it is necessary to consult a physician. Menstrual bleeding may not start due to abnormalities in the membrane at the entrance to the vagina, the vagina or the uterus.
IS IT HEALTHY TO USE TAMPON DURING MENSTRUAL BLEEDING?
Tampons, which are not widely used in our country, are made of highly absorbent materials. It is produced.
Absorbency If too many varieties are used and not changed for a long time, it may cause an infection called toxic shock syndrome. This infection, which causes fever, rash, muscle pain and diarrhea, rarely causes sudden drops in blood pressure, liver and kidney failure. When using tampons, it is necessary to change them every 4-6 hours, use pads instead of tampons at night, wash hands before inserting the tampon and pay attention to cleanliness. There is no harm in using a tampon
after the necessary precautions are taken.
CAN YOU ENTER THE SEA DURING MENSTRUAL BLEEDING?
In the past, it was believed that many activities should be avoided during this period. There is no harm in swimming and doing other sports if the necessary protection
is provided.
IS IT POSSIBLE TO ADJUST THE TIME OF MENSTRUAL BLEEDING?
Arrangements can be made in the menstrual cycle by using hormonal preparations. It is dangerous to use this type
hormonal drugs without consulting a physician.
ARE DISCHARGE OCCURING AT TIMES OUTSIDE MENSTRUAL BLEEDING NORMAL?
It is normal to have vaginal secretions during the menstrual cycle when there is no bleeding. Odorless and
colorless discharges are not important. If the discharge is accompanied by complaints such as itching, burning during urination and frequent urination, you should consult a physician.
WHAT IS MENSTRUAL MIGRAINE?
Migraine pains are more common in women. 60-70% of women with migraine talk about the relationship between menstrual bleeding and headaches. Menstrual migraines are headaches that start every month 2 days before menstrual bleeding and last until the end of menstrual bleeding. In this condition, which is seen in 14% of women, headache is accompanied
by blurred and double vision, balance disorder, tinnitus, hearing difficulty, dizziness and nausea. Women who use birth control pills also experience similar migraine
pain during the 7 days they do not use hormones. These complaints may decrease with the use of low doses of estrogen.
WHAT ARE MENSTRUAL CRAMPS?
They are pains in the abdomen and groin during menstrual bleeding and just before the bleeding begins. This
condition is different from premenstrual syndrome. reproductive age Many women complain about both menstrual cramps and changes due to premenstrual syndrome. Although menstrual cramps are usually mild, they can sometimes be severe enough to prevent the woman from continuing her daily life. While more than half of women complain about cramps, one in every 7 women in society have very severe cramps.
WHAT IS DYSMENORHEA?
Dysmenorrhea is the medical name for menstrual cramps. Primary dysmenorrhea is cramps that occur in more than 50% of women. These cramps usually occur with the onset of menstrual bleeding. There is no gynecological problem that causes pain in primary
dysmenorrhea. These pains decrease with age and after birth. Secondary dysmenorrhea occurs later
due to problems in the reproductive organs.
WHAT CAUSES MENSTRUAL CRAMPS?
When pregnancy does not occur, the inner layer of the uterus, called endometrium, begins to shed and
Substances called prostaglandins are released. These cause the smooth muscles in the uterus to contract and shed the endometrium with menstrual bleeding. Severe
cramps may be felt during the contraction of the smooth muscles in the uterus. Prostaglandin levels become too high in some women, causing too much pain. Cramps are more severe in women whose canal between the uterus and the cervix is narrow. Additionally, stress can increase these cramps.
ARE ANY OTHER COMPLAINTS ACCOMPANYING MENSTRUAL CRAMPS?
Menstrual cramps are accompanied by headache, nausea, vomiting, frequent urination and changes in bowel movements
It may be accompanied by diarrhea or constipation.
HOW ARE MENSTRUAL CRAMPS TREATED?
Adequate rest, sleep and regular exercise reduce the severity of cramps. Placing hot pads on the abdominal area
can also reduce pain. Painkillers that reduce prostaglandin production
can be used. It is necessary to start using painkillers before the cramps get worse. It is recommended to start using painkillers one day before menstrual
bleeding and continue the medication for 1-2 days
after bleeding begins. Using birth control pills when there is very severe pain Ovulation
is prevented, prostaglandin secretion is reduced, and menstrual bleeding and cramps are ensured to be as
light as possible. Treatment of secondary dysmenorrhea depends on the disease that causes dysmenorrhea.
WHAT GYNECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS CAUSE DYSMENORRHEA?
Endometriosis; The presence of the inner layer of the uterus, called endometrium, outside the uterus. Myomas; benign muscle masses formed in the uterine wall
Adenomyosis; Spread of intrauterine tissue between the muscle layer
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID); diffuse infection of reproductive organs
Adhesions; reproductive organs adhering to each other or to the surrounding tissues
Intrauterine device; Using an intrauterine device as a birth control method
Premenstrual syndrome
Ovarian cysts
These are gynecological problems that cause secondary dysmenorrhea. When the cause of the pain is found and treated, menstrual cramps decrease. If there is an increase in the severity of pain during menstrual bleeding, a physician should be consulted.
WHEN ARE MENSTRUAL CYCLES AND BLEEDING CONSIDERED AS ABNORMAL?
Cycles lasting less than twenty-one days or longer than 35 days. is considered abnormal. A physician should be consulted in cases where menstrual bleeding is excessive, lasts a long time, or spotting or bleeding occurs between menstrual periods.
Hormonal changes, ovarian cysts, polyps in the uterus or cervix, endometrial hyperplasia, that is, overgrowth of the layer lining the uterus, myomas and, less commonly, uterine cancer, can cause such irregularities.
IN WHICH CASES DO MENSTRUAL CYCLES LAST LONG?
In some women, menstrual bleeding may occur only 3-4 times a year. Stress, heavy exercise, sudden weight loss and heavy diets, and disorders in the thyroid gland can cause menstrual cycles to be prolonged. In this disease called polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO), in which excess weight, excessive hair growth and bleeding irregularities are observed, menstrual cycles are also prolonged. Since uterine cancer may develop in cases of PCO due to excessive release of estrogen hormone, these cases should consult a physician and receive treatment
IN WHICH CASES ARE THE MENSTRUAL CYCLES LASTING SHORT? p>
Menstrual cycles may last
shorter than 21 days due to stress, some exercises and sudden changes in your life. Cycles are also shorter in women who smoke and drink a lot of coffee. Short periods of menstrual
bleeding can cause anemia. In this case, it is necessary to consult a physician and treat both this bleeding
irregularity and anemia.
WHAT ARE THE REASONS FOR THE NON-MENSTRUAL BLEEDING?
The most common reason for delayed menstrual bleeding in women with an active sexual life is The reason is pregnancy.
Absence of menstrual bleeding for six months or longer is called amenorrhea. When there is no menstrual bleeding, ovulation does not occur. This situation may occur after sudden and excessive weight loss, due to changes in lifestyle
and stress. Amenorrhea may also occur due to adhesions formed in the uterus after abortion or other surgical procedures. In women over the age of forty-five, menstrual bleeding may occur at very long intervals in the pre-menopausal period. In cases of amenorrhea, bone loss may occur due to the decrease in estrogen hormone. Therefore, it is necessary to consult a physician. Bleedings that occur before the next menstrual bleeding begins
are intermediate bleedings. Breakthrough bleeding is caused by hormonal irregularities, fibroids, infections, genital organ injuries, endometriosis, cancers and some medications. Breakthrough bleeding is a condition that requires consulting a physician.
WHAT EXAMINATIONS SHOULD BE DONE TO DETECT THE CAUSE OF BREAKING BLEEDING?
Gynecological examination, Pap smear examination (from the cervix). pathological examination of the sample taken),
if infection is suspected, microbiological examination, hormonal tests, blood count and, when necessary, laparoscopy should be performed.
WHAT IS THE TREATMENT OF INTERMEDIATE BLEEDING?
Search. Treatment of bleeding is directed to the problem causing bleeding. If the problem that causes breakthrough bleeding is not diagnosed and treated in time, it may lead to anemia due to blood loss, infertility and cancer, depending on the cause of bleeding. For the treatment of anemia
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