TRANSFER
Transference is the situation in which the individual re-experiences the feelings and attitudes that he had with important people in his childhood, now in his relationships with the important person or people with whom he has a relationship in his life. He shows similar reactions to these people as he did in his childhood. The transference during psychotherapy sessions is experienced more intensely and continuously than the transference in the daily life of the individual. (Öztürk, 2008, p.165).
Transmission can be abstract, ambiguous and indistinguishable. In order to realize the transference, the interviewer should pay attention to the specific approach that the client establishes with him/herself. The client may react more emotionally than the interviewer expects, make unfounded assumptions about the interviewer, or express unrealistic expectations about the content of the interview. (Sommers-Flanagan & Sommers-Flanagan, 2007, p.177).
The continuation of childhood features in mental processes means that the past is repeated in the present. A clear example of this is experienced in psychodynamic psychiatry practices. The person who comes to treatment lives as if he were someone important to him in the analyst's past (mother, father). Instead of remembering, the person experiencing transference reactivates his past unconsciously and transfers the information about his past experiences directly in the treatment environment. (Geçtan, E. 2018, p.51).
Transference is seen as the main treatment axis of classical psychoanalysis and most dynamic concepts. It is thought that it is not possible to talk about a cure without transference. An individual applying to therapy for various reasons is the situation in which he directs his feelings, which he has created from his relationships with the first generation, to his therapist. Based on these feelings, the therapist tries to make the client develop insight by making comments. In this way, it enables them to recognize their feelings, thoughts and behaviors. With this recognition process, the client begins to observe differentiation and various improvements. (Özakkaş, T. 2007, p.291)
Transference is experienced in every psychoanalytic process, because it is experienced in every situation when a person is in a relationship with someone important to him. In a way, every relationship is a mixture of real relationship and transference phenomenon. dynamic psych Those working in the field of medicine take into account that the relationship problems experienced by the person who comes to treatment may also arise in their relationship with them over time. The important thing here is not to experience the transfer, but to understand the resulting experiences. Therefore, psychoanalytically oriented psychiatrists respond to transference differently than other people. (Geçtan, E. 2018, p.51).
In the psychotherapy process, mutual feelings and attitudes may develop between the patient and the therapist. Some of these are emotions and behaviors that are appropriate and appropriate for the real situation of the client and the therapist. But an important part are manifestations of the process called transference reactions. (Öztürk, 2008, p.165).
The quality of the relationships individuals have with their parents in childhood significantly affects the relationships they have established in their adult lives. Every lover has some parent. In cases of rebellion against authority, it is possible to find traces of rebellion against parents (Öztürk, 2008, p.165)
According to the classical dynamical theory, there are many areas that the therapist should pay attention to in order for the transfer to take place. In these, it is seen that there are many areas such as the arrangement of the room to be treated and the dimensions of the relationship established with the client. The main goal of all these practices is to prepare a neutral environment in the therapy room for the client, not to make different associations and not to change the room during the process. (Özakkaş, T. 2007, p.291)
When evaluated from the cognitive point of view of transference, we can say that the person has a strong cognitive representation of his/her sibling if, for example, he dislikes the person he/she sees for the first time because he/she looks like his/her sibling. This sister-like woman activated cognitive representation, which triggered emotions and other associations. That is, the old cognitive representation is used to process information about the new person. As a result, he expected that this person would see the characteristics of his brother and that his feelings for her would be similar to the feelings he had for his brother. When explaining this process, cognitive psychologists do not say that it lives in the subconscious like the Freudian view, but do not say that the transference develops outside of our awareness. in power. (Burger, J.M. 2006, p.644).
Transference is the repetition of emotions experienced in childhood in adult life. The sources of this repetition tendency can vary widely. Emotions and behaviors that were not satisfied in childhood may seek to reach satisfaction in adult life or to seek solutions and sources. (Öztürk, 2008, p.168)
Another reason for the tendency to relive past experiences is the self's effort to dominate and overcome them. For example, going over a feared situation to relive it is a sign of effort to eliminate the fear and try to overcome it. (Öztürk, 2008, p.169)
One of the most common situations is that the client may have beliefs that he does not reveal, but that the interviewer will evaluate him and find him inadequate. (Sommers-Flanagan & Sommers-Flanagan, 2007, p.177)
Intense and excessive reactions that are not appropriate for the situation in the therapy process can be seen as transference symptoms. These can manifest themselves in the form of the direct emergence of transference-related emotions or the defenses and resistance developed against them. For example, the desire for the therapist to be his only patient, being jealous of other clients, frequently bringing up the issue that he is not taking care of himself enough, dreams and curiosity about the therapist are transference symptoms. These are mostly considered positive transference signs. From time to time, contradictory attitudes, angry and sarcastic words, excessive jealousy and excessive dependence can be seen. These are also cited as examples of negative transference. (Öztürk, 2008, p.169)
In long-term psychotherapy, it is natural for each client to have positive and negative feelings towards their therapist and behave accordingly. These feelings can intensify from time to time and reach the level that will affect the daily life of the client. (Öztürk, 2008, p.170)
Transference itself can be seen in positive or negative attitudes, emotions and behaviors. While positive transference can be seen in situations such as giving affection, loving and affection, negative transference; It can manifest itself in situations such as hostility, rejection, or apathy. Work on each of these areas as therapy progresses. may appear as glowing areas. The most important issue that the interviewers should pay attention to is not to comment on these issues by noticing the reactions and behaviors from their past relationships (Sommers-Flanagan & Sommers-Flanagan, 2007, p.177). it could be. Clients who anticipate that they will be rejected and negatively evaluated or not shown empathy look for these possibilities in their relationships in their normal lives. Clients may begin to react negatively to these minor mistakes, by refusing the interviewer to paraphrase or project emotion. If the interviewer fails to notice this pattern, the client may eventually be successful without making a negative assessment of himself (Sommers-Flanagan & Sommers-Flanagan, 2007, p.177).
The transference symptom sometimes appears with a defense. For example, excessive respect for the therapist and praising the therapist with constant praise are often counter-reactions to covering up negative transference feelings. Pretending to have no feelings towards the therapist also indicates that a mechanism of denial and isolation is at work. (Öztürk, 2008, p.170)
Transmission can also occur at various resistances. For example; Resistance symptoms such as not coming to the therapy session, arriving late, forgetting, and silence should also be considered as transference reactions. (Öztürk, 2008, p.170)
Transmission can be conscious or unconscious. There is often a conscious side to a patient's attachment to, love, or anger with their therapist. The client is aware of these feelings. Most of the time, the client does not recognize their feelings, does not accept them and may use various ways of defense. (Öztürk, 2008, p.170)
We may not gain anything by immediately connecting the client's feelings and behaviors during therapy to their childhood experiences and saying that these are transference reactions. The client may not understand this situation. She may feel that the therapist does not understand her and that her feelings have been misinterpreted. If the client is told that the feelings he is experiencing now are his childhood feelings, it may cause him to feel that he and his feelings are not respected. (Öztürk, 2008, p.172)
Dan� The more the personality structure of the person includes childhood confusions and conflicts, the more intense and extreme the transference reactions can be. In severe personality disorders, neurotic states, and psychoses, transference symptoms may occur in a very short time and intensely. (Öztürk, 2008, p.172)
Transference can occur in all of the behavioral, cognitive and existential dynamic therapies. A therapist, who knows the development and formation of transference, should be able to analyze very well what transference directed to him, if he wants to treat and motivate his client, no matter what treatment technique he uses. (Özakkaş, T. 2007, p.295)
Every emotion and behavior of the client towards the therapist should not be interpreted as transference. Clients may be respectful, genuinely loving, or angry with their therapist. These may be real reactions. It is not always true that these are transference signs of childhood confusion and conflict. It should not be forgotten that there is some truth and some transference in every relationship. (Öztürk, 2008, p.173)
EXAMPLES OF TRANSMISSION EXPERIENCED IN INTREATMENT SECTIONS
Part 1; The man he met at the bar said to Laura, "You look very sad, Yes you are, it suits you." Turning to Paul, Laura said, “What do you think? So am I pretty when I'm sad?" Paul says, “I don't think anyone is beautiful when they're sad. Laura doesn't get the answer she expects from Paul. Laura asks if Paul is disgusted by having sex with the man she met at the bar. Paul says that this situation does not disgust him. The bar man and Laura become close in the bathroom. But Laura cannot have sexual intercourse. She says that Paul came to her mind and she did not continue. After their fight with Andrew, Paul says he wants to talk to Laura about cheating. Turning to Laura Paul, "Didn't you notice?" he asks. Paul doesn't understand and Laura tells Paul that she is in love but that shouldn't be her reaction.
2. In the section; When meeting Alex, “You were said to be the best. I guess this must be you, the guy who is on the same frequency as those around him. You are the best.” Paul asked Alex, "Is it important to you that I'm well?" D
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