In our age, obesity is becoming an increasingly common and chronic disease. Unconscious and rapid food consumption starting from the pre-pregnancy period until adulthood, inadequate and unbalanced nutrition, the negative impact of environmental factors, lack of recognition of food groups, changes in socioeconomic situations, the emergence of sedentary life in connection with technology, the presence of attractive advertisements on television and social media, The easy availability of ready-made foods has caused obesity to become widespread in recent years. It is important that obesity treatment begins in childhood and even during pregnancy.
OBESITY IN CHILDREN - NUTRITIONAL TREATMENT
At the beginning of nutritional treatment of obesity in children, children and parents should be informed about the drawbacks of the disease. The severity of the diagnosis and duration of treatment should be determined according to age. It should be explained that diets that cause excessive weight loss in a short time are harmful and that the weight lost can be regained. Situations that are difficult to comply with in the diet should be identified and solutions should be provided for them. The child's ability to implement dietary changes should be monitored with periodic checks. It is known and stated in many sources that positive responses cannot be obtained from treatments that are not monitored and that do not provide solutions to the problems encountered when monitored.
SOURCE (Can, 2011).
Although it is not an ideal mixture for losing weight in nutritional therapy, it is a combination of all macronutrients (carbohydrate, protein, fat) and micronutrients (vitamins, minerals). , trace elements, etc.) intake should be individualized. In other words, the diet to be applied in nutritional treatment should be "personalized". Did you know that growing children spend 12% of their daily calories for growth? Inadequate and unbalanced nutrition and unconscious restriction in calorie intake will hinder growth and development in children. Changes stated as the most important nutritional habits;
• Encouraging the intake of 5 portions of fruits and vegetables a day,
• Reducing the intake of solid fats and salty snacks,
• Reducing sugar-containing foods and beverages
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• Fast food and out-of-home consumption Minimizing eating in the morning.
• Having breakfast every day,
• Avoiding skipping meals,
SOURCE(D. U. Koçakoğlu, 2019);
OBESITY IN CHILDREN - EXERCISE TREATMENT
When organizing nutritional treatment, the physical activity status of the individual is also taken into consideration and calculated according to the activity status. Exercise is another important factor in obesity treatment. Exercise ensures the preservation of lean tissue. It prevents the basal metabolic rate from decreasing. So what is basal metabolism? It is the metabolism that provides the energy necessary for the individual to maintain vitality in the body without making any muscle movements during complete rest. Regular exercise increases ease of movement and flexibility, muscle strength, and reduces insulin resistance (controlling sugar in the body). It slims down the waist circumference, increases the muscle ratio of the body and reduces the fat ratio. Although it varies from person to person in obesity treatment, it is recommended to do moderate-intensity aerobics for 150 minutes, and if heavy physical activity is to be done, 75 minutes. An easy exercise to do, it can be done for 30 minutes a day for 5 days. It is aimed for the individual to spend an average of 200 kcal in an exercise session. SOURCE (Bahadır, 2019).
Short-term exercises provide high concentration, and in adolescents, applying exercise movements with visual explanation instead of verbal explanation provides more effect. For children and adolescents, fun, variety, success, freedom, family involvement and friend support are factors that ensure continuity in exercise participation. The child's natural activity should not be hindered, it is necessary to ensure that the child enjoys the activity and direct it to group games. Failure, defeat and comparison are among the factors that prevent the continuity of the exercise
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