Our body needs energy to perform vital functions. This energy is provided by various molecules found in foods. The most important one is glucose, which is the building block of carbohydrates. The chronic disease we call type-2 diabetes occurs when the body is deprived of glucose to use as energy. Type-1 diabetes occurs when insulin-secreting cells in the pancreas are congenitally damaged.
• A hormone called insulin is secreted from the pancreas to meet the glucose needs of the cells. Insulin allows glucose in the blood to enter the cells. So it can be used for energy.
• However, insulin sometimes cannot provide this transition for various reasons. Insensitivity of cells to insulin, which we call insulin resistance, or damage to the membrane of insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, prevents the cells from glycating. Insulin and glucose in the blood increase or insulin becomes insufficient, glucose accumulates in the blood.
• The diagnosis is made when the fasting blood sugar is over 124 mg/dL, the postprandial blood sugar is over 200 mg/dL, and the HbA1c value is over 6.5.
• Frequency of occurrence;
1. People with diabetes in their family
2. Those who are obese and overweight
3. In those with high blood sugar during pregnancy 4. In the elderly
5. Waist circumference measurement for women is 80 cm; In men, those over 94 cm
6. In those with poor lipid profile (LDL, T-COL)
7. Those with chronic stress
8. People with sleep problems
9. Those with high ferritin (storage iron)
10. Those with high uric acid levels
11. In smokers and alcohol users
12. 13. It is higher in those with poor eating habits. It is higher in those with low vitamin D levels.
WHAT SHOULD BE CONSIDERED IN NUTRITION? We can make general improvements in our diet according to food groups.
• Dairy products such as yoghurt, kefir and milk should accompany the meal as main or snack meals.
• We should take more foods, which we call complex carbohydrates, from the grain group with high carbohydrate content, into our lives. Brown breads (such as whole wheat, rye, wheat germ) , whole wheat pasta, bulgur, brown rice, buckwheat (gretchka).
• Eggs and cheese, which have high protein content, are for breakfast; Meat, chicken, turkey and fish should be included in meals.
• Nuts with high fat content; Walnuts, hazelnuts, almonds, peanuts, cashews, pistachios and pumpkin seeds should be consumed as snacks. Sunflower oil, olive oil and hazelnut oil should be used in a balanced manner.
• Vegetables and fruits are indispensable for nutrition, a total of 5-6 portions should be consumed per day unless there are situations that require restriction. The glycemic index and glycemic load of fruits are important for people with diabetes. Consumption should be limited accordingly, and dried fruits should generally be avoided.
• Legumes, which are vegetable protein sources, should be consumed 1-2 times a week. It can be preferred as a stew or boiled in salads.
Cooking methods are also a point that should not be overlooked in a healthy diet. Instead of frying and roasting, methods such as baking, boiling and steaming should be preferred.
It is important to stay away from pastries, processed foods, refined flours, refined sugars, and packaged foods with high sugar content.
Cakes and cookies can be made at home by producing healthy recipes from products whose ingredients you know.
Health data of each individual; blood test results, health history are different. Many differences such as age, gender, lifestyle, daily routines, work done, professions and activity level force nutrition to be personalized. The best thing is like this. Needs and desires differ even among people in the same house, everyone is a separate world.
Individuals' routines may change over the course of days, weeks, or even months. Eating patterns may change in summer and winter. Although there are common points that need to be taken into consideration in chronic diseases, nutrition should be planned according to the individual.
It is important to benefit from dietitians' knowledge and guidance on nutrition and to continue the process under expert supervision.
Doctors, psychologists, coaches, other health � Working in coordination with your employees is much more beneficial in the long run.
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