Graft is the transplantation of a tissue existing in the person's own body or externally sourced (another human, an animal, or synthetic produced in a laboratory environment) to another area of the body where it can be nourished, without the vascular or nerve connection feeding this tissue. There is no possibility of nutrition in the body part where the tissue piece is carried without vascular and nerve connection. In this regard, these types of tissues are fed by the surrounding tissues and their capillaries through a method called "diffusion".
There are two main types of bone grafts applied in dentistry:
1) Block graft: The bone is in the form of a whole. It is obtained from the person's own body. It is attached to the area where it will be transplanted with the help of mini screws.
2) Particular graft: It is a type of graft in which the bone is turned into particles (also called powder).
Depending on the case, these types of grafts can be used separately or together. usage is possible. Applying bone graft alone is not enough. It is necessary to apply a membranous layer called "membrane" between the area where the graft is applied and the gingival flap. Membranes can also be of various types. The membrane option to be used is determined depending on the case.
As I mentioned at the beginning, the bone graft is fed by diffusion and therefore it needs to have plenty of blood vessels around it. There are no blood vessels on the root surface of teeth. The graft is fed only from the surrounding tissues, namely the gum, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. For this reason, it is not possible to apply bone graft to every periodontitis patient, or more accurately, to every tooth. Especially when the particulate graft is not nourished, cell death, that is, necrosis, will occur over time and the area will return to its previous state. This means both the patient suffering in vain and taking on a financial burden in vain.
Bone losses (defects) are examined under two headings: horizontal and vertical;
Horizontal bone losses. It is not possible to nourish the upper layers of the graft to be applied to the area, because there is a root surface on both sides. In vertical bone losses, the applied graft can be nourished and healed because there is a vertical bone area on a surface.
In the light of this information, it can be said that the treatment method for your problem can be easily determined with a detailed periodontology examination. Even further than that What needs to be done is to intervene as soon as possible, without delaying the problem, and even to have dental check-ups at regular intervals without any problems.
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