Biological treatments are primarily used to improve and trigger the body's own repair process and stimulate natural tissue healing. It is primarily necessary to achieve repair in cartilage or nerve cells that do not heal naturally, that is, cannot renew themselves.
Firstly listing the steps encountered in natural wound healing will give an idea about the treatment mechanisms. At the first moment of the injury, the damaged tissue ruptures, causing free fluids to be shed from the blood vessels it contains and the surrounding injured cells. The body responds by initially removing damaged tissue and then sending new blood vessels and cells to stimulate the formation of new collagen to replace the damaged portion for repair. Over time, with the help of intercellular biological signals and chemicals, immature cells develop a process of resembling the surrounding tissue by maturing into a strong replacement tissue to ensure healing.
Biological treatments aim to increase the thickness of the injured joint cartilage and repair the intercellular connections that have become brittle and prone to rupture. Cells, which are the building blocks of articular cartilage, are nestled among thread-like proteins called collagen.
Glycoproteins secreted as filling material regulate the moisture of the cartilage. They are of particular importance for the properties of cartilage such as its fluid content, lubricity, and shock absorption. Increasing flexibility, which can prevent mechanical factors from resulting in injury, may also be possible with a more moist and elastic cartilage structure.
As biological treatment, surgical implantation (planting) of our body's collagen scaffolds, injection of growth factors, injection of regionally acting growth factors or free We apply a massage and a series of treatments to stimulate the receptors on the cells. Removing factors that may hinder recovery, regulating regional circulation, and supporting it with rest are other stages of treatment. In some cases, even without injury, the surrounding tissues will be healed by the natural healing response created by the damaged cells. It is possible to aim for positive developments in succession.
In addition to being a guide in the healing process by releasing free cells into the environment, some tissue carriers may need to be used to ensure that they are structurally included in the tissue integrity. These materials, called roofing materials, are used together with the cells or as a treatment agent that provides an environment for the cells to nest in when placed in the body. Until today, composite living or dead tissues have been used to create 3D tissue. In surgical treatments, whole or animal-derived tissues called xenografts were used, and human allograft tissue was used instead of damaged tissue. Nowadays, synthetic polymer origin materials with biodegradable properties are more preferred instead of these grafts. During the healing process, additional treatments and a stronger repair that will accelerate the maturation of tissues are preferred.
A wide range of sources such as blood, bone marrow and fat cells are used for the cells needed in biological treatments.
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