Sugar-free diabetes is known as water diabetes, innocent diabetes, or more scientifically, diabetes insipidus. This disease actually has nothing to do with diabetes. There is no increase in blood sugar as in diabetes as we know it. What is similar to diabetes is excessive thirst, drinking a lot of water and urinating a lot. The word "lot" for the amount of water consumed and the urine produced within twenty-four hours is an understatement in this troublesome disease. There is such excessive urination that the amount of urine excreted in a day is at least three liters and may even exceed twenty liters. Much more water than normal is drunk in proportion to the amount of urine excreted. Some patients describe this situation as "drinking a can full of water". The urine is very watery so that it has a density much lower than the density of normal urine. The patient often becomes incontinent and may even wet the bed at night. The patient cannot sleep properly due to frequent urination. If the patient does not drink water in return for the urine he excretes, he dries and shrivels like a fruit or vegetable that loses its water. This state of dehydration causes many health problems and can even become life-threatening.
Water diabetes is caused by the disruption of body fluid balance in the kidney-brain axis. How to maintain fluid balance? Water is taken with food, by burning nutrients in the body and most importantly by drinking, and is excreted through urine-feces and intestinal secretions, sweating and respiration. The kidney removes excess circulating fluid from the blood. Urine is produced as a result of a number of physiological events that occur in the kidney to remove substances that are harmful to the body from the body. Urine is stored in the bladder. When the bladder is full, the feeling of urination occurs and it is emptied. If fluid intake is low for any reason or the body experiences diarrhea, excessive sweating, excessive vomiting, etc. If there is a lot of fluid loss due to reasons such as, healthy person's kidneys produce less urine to keep the fluid in the body. Since body metabolism decreases during sleep at night, the kidneys produce less urine. In this way, people can sleep comfortably without urinating until the morning. The center that controls the kidneys to produce more or less urine is the region of the brain called the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus produces a hormone called vasopressin and sends its orders to the kidneys via this hormone. sends to e-mail. Another name for vasopressin is antidiuretic hormone. Antidiuretic hormone means the hormone that prevents urination. After the urinary hormone is produced in the hypothalamus in the brain, it is stored behind the pituitary gland and released into the circulating blood to reach the kidneys when needed. When it reaches the kidneys, it ensures that some of the water withdrawn from the circulation to produce urine is reabsorbed and returned to the blood. Thus, the urine becomes concentrated. If the body needs water, the reabsorption process of water is increased and urination is reduced, thanks to the urinary hormone. If more water needs to be excreted from the body
The secretion and effect of the hormone is reduced and the density of urine is reduced, thus increasing the amount of urine excreted. If the production or storage of urinary hormones decreases due to damage or sometimes genetic reasons, urine cannot be concentrated, water is not reabsorbed from the kidneys, excessive urine production occurs and excess water is excreted from the body. A feeling of thirst occurs due to excessive water loss through urine. The patient has to drink much more water than normal to replace the water he lost.
Kidney damage due to diseases such as sickle cell anemia, which is a blood disease, polycystic kidney disease, kidney failure, or drugs such as lithium, a psychiatric drug. The kidneys may not be able to respond to the urine-retaining hormone due to blockage of the urinary tubes that carry the urine from the kidneys to the bladder, due to stones, tumors, inflammation, etc., or genetic defects. In such cases, urine cannot be concentrated and sugar-free diabetes occurs.
In some patients, the thirst center in the brain is impaired. No matter how much water the patient drinks, the brain cannot detect that sufficient water has entered the body, and since the feeling of thirst cannot be suppressed, the patient constantly drinks water. It suppresses the synthesis of antidiuretic hormone, which retains excess liquid urine. As a result, it is necessary to drink water constantly. The patient may die due to water poisoning.
Some chemicals secreted from the placenta (the child's partner) during pregnancy destroy the urinary retention hormone in the mother. This leads to diabetes insipidus.
Some psychological disorders are similar to sugar-free diabetes. hopes can be seen.
After the diagnosis of the disease is made by the relevant specialist physician, treatment is given based on the cause. The patient is kept under constant control during and after treatment.
Dear readers, I wish you a disease-free, problem-free, healthy and happy life
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