What Health Problems Are Overweight People More Likely to Experience?
Overweight and obesity are global problems with an alarming increase in prevalence and are associated with many health problems.
In the literature, "successful weight loss" is defined as someone who deliberately and voluntarily loses at least 10% of their body weight and maintains it for one year. It shows that you can't maintain it and you gain too much back.
Most obese people are not able to maintain their lifestyle-based weight loss for a long time.
Therefore, the number of patients who achieve the healthy results of weight loss is less than those who do not.
Food and food Food is often associated with conflicting emotions.
Joy and joy on the one hand, fear and guilt on the other. Guilt may seem to encourage behavior change, but it can also lead to feelings of helplessness and loss of control. br /> According to some studies, it has been observed that correct weight loss is closely related to psychological conditions such as minimal depression. , food intake and eating habits, lifestyle habits, socioeconomic and cultural factors, and physical activity.
In addition to socioeconomic development, environmental and behavioral changes are important factors that increase the prevalence of obesity, especially in developed countries.
WHICH FACTORS AFFECT THE MOST ON WEIGHT GAIN?
Nutrition: Overeating is a parameter of great importance as a result of studies conducted for obesity. Nutrition plays an important role in maintaining a positive energy balance. The ratio of nutrients that form the energy (kcal) needed by the body is important.
There is a positive relationship between a high-fat diet and obesity. is. Likewise, high levels of simple carbohydrates in the diet cause weight gain by converting excess energy into fat and storing it in the body.
Skipping meals, eating fast food, and excessive alcohol consumption pave the way for the progression of obesity. Although the effect of genetics in the development of the disease has been shown, environmental factors have played an important role in the recent increase in obesity prevalence. Nutrition, physical activity, smoking and/or alcohol consumption are among the environmental factors affecting obesity.
Familial and Ethnic Factors: Family and Ethnic Factors; It plays a role among the causes of obesity by directly affecting food choices, diet and activity levels.
There are individual, familial and social differences in energy intake and expenditure. It is known that genetic factors may be underlying this situation, as well as cultural habits are important factors in nutrition. Differences in total energy intake, frequency of meals and components used in food preparation (spices, oils, etc.) of different ethnic groups confirm this situation.
Chemical Environment: Air, water and soil are polluted with chemicals due to uncontrolled industrial production. People are unknowingly exposed to these chemicals. The chemical is also said to cause obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Stress: Various types of stress, especially emotional stress, are known to cause obesity. Emotional stress has been reported to cause depression, and weight gain has been observed in a significant portion of these depressive patients. With the emergence of the Covid-19 virus in 2020, we spent months away from outside and physical activity for months like the whole world. This situation caused an intense weight and stress increase in people. Covid-19 has been a good example of how stress affects obesity.
WHAT CAN OCCUR WITH WEIGHT GAIN?
Insulin resistance: Insulin resistance is the body's It is a condition in which the cells cannot use the insulin hormone secreted by the pancreas even though it produces enough. Unconscious eating habits of individuals with insulin resistance They make weight loss difficult and unmanageable. For this reason, people with insulin resistance should be managed by a specialist in the field of weight loss.
Type 2 Diabetes (Diabetes): Blood sugar, which we call glucose, plays an important role in the functioning of the body mechanism very well.
Normal human blood sugar level is 70-100 mg/dl. Within the first 1-2 hours after eating, blood sugar levels increase up to a certain amount without exceeding 140 mg/dl and decrease to normal levels within 2 hours. As these values increase, it means that the disease and weight loss lose control. At its height, diabetes, which we call “diabetes”, appears. It is known that the incidence of diabetes decreases by 58% with the acquisition of healthy eating habits, a controlled weight loss, regular physical activity and proper training.
High blood pressure (hypertension): There is a strong relationship between high blood pressure and obesity. . Obesity is also an indicator of the risk of developing hypertension in the future. With weight gain, causes that increase blood pressure also occur, which causes high blood pressure.
Heart Diseases: Obesity is considered a risk factor for heart diseases. Both overweight and obesity are associated with an increased risk of death from heart disease. The prevention and treatment of obesity provides protection from heart diseases. These disorders are often accompanied by normal or slightly elevated LDL (bad cholesterol) levels. The first targeted situation is to lower LDL cholesterol.
Metabolic Syndrome: The combination of factors such as obesity, impaired glucose metabolism, cholesterol status and hypertension creates the term 'metabolic syndrome'.
Galbladder Diseases: Especially insulin. The level of cholesterol secreted into the bile fluid increases in obese patients with resistance. Cholesterol accumulating on the gallbladder walls slows down the movement of bile. Secretion of a substance called mucin, which increases stone formation and inflammation in obese patients. is increasing. As a result of all these factors, the possibility of developing stones in the gallbladder of obese patients increases. Obesity, the frequency of which is increasing in the society, is accepted as a modifiable risk factor for osteoarthritis in terms of disease development, progression of the disease and response to treatment.
Sleep Apnea: Obesity (Obesity) is important for the development of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OAS). is a risk factor. The higher the BMI (body mass index), the higher the risk of developing OAS. OAS is 30 times more common in obese populations than in the general population. As you gain weight, the amount of soft tissue in your neck increases. This narrows the diameter of the trachea and increases the tension of the muscles around the trachea. Fatty liver disease, which can occur in a quarter of the people in Turkey, occurs as a result of the liver producing and storing excess fat.
Asthma: The prevalence of obesity and asthma has increased worldwide in recent years. The increase in both diseases is explained by several common mechanisms such as the mechanical effects of obesity, inflammatory conditions, oxidative stress status, genetic and epigenetic causes, lifestyle and environmental conditions. associated with disorders. It is also associated with negativities in respiratory system mechanics resulting in decreased lung capacity.
Irregularities of Menstruation: Obesity can affect women's menstrual cycles. In case of obesity and menstrual delay, it may indicate that the individual has a condition such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Especially in the process of depression, an increase in the amount of food can be seen in times of stress. Self-esteem is related to the value that an individual places on himself. of individuals The values they place on themselves can affect their self-esteem. People's attitudes towards obese people arouse negative emotions, but low self-esteem can also cause negative body image. A review of factors affecting low self-esteem, body image, and depression; All necessary treatments should be given to improve mental states and body image positively and to increase self-esteem.
Musculoskeletal Problems: Obesity affects the musculoskeletal system and increases the incidence and severity of various rheumatic diseases. In addition, obesity accompanying this condition can reduce the expected response to treatment in the management of rheumatic disease. According to the World Health Organization; Losing weight between 0.5-1 kg per week is the healthiest. This equates to a yield of 2 to 4 kg per month. The most important aspect of losing weight is the loss of fat in our body.
Losing weight in a short time and quickly causes water and muscle loss instead of fat loss. Not losing weight fast, but a sustainable and healthy diet plan that you follow throughout your life is much more important.
A correct weight loss process creates 80% fat loss in the body and 20% muscle loss, while losing weight quickly and unhealthy means 50% fat in the body. Loss of muscle causes 50% muscle loss.
In general, this type of nutrition should be specially prepared for you according to your lifestyle and social activities. So it should be personal. In this case, the body shape can be maintained, continuity can be ensured, weight loss can be achieved correctly and a healthier lifestyle is possible.
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