Corneal Diseases

The cornea is the transparent and curved tissue located at the front of the eye, specialized to focus the light and protect the eye from external factors. It is almost like a watch glass, because it is transparent, it is not noticed by people when viewed from the opposite side, when viewed from the outside, the iris layer of the eye (the layer that gives color to the eye) and the aperture in the middle of the eye (pupil) are noticeable.

Cornea and lens (lens) allows the light from the external environment to focus effectively on the retina, where the visual cells are. The refractive power of the cornea is not variable, whereas the refractive power of the lens is variable and focuses so that objects at certain distances fall on the retina.

The cornea must be transparent in order for the image to be transmitted into the eye clearly. Therefore, it does not contain blood vessels in its structure. Oxygenation and nutrition of the cornea is provided by tear secretion and air on the outside, and intraocular visual fluid on the inside. Since the cornea contains many nerve fibers in its structure, it is very sensitive to external factors. It protects and maintains the health of the cornea with its nerve fibers, blink reflex and supportive properties. The cornea looks like a very delicate structure, but it is almost as hard as a nail because its structure is similar to that of a nail. However, it is very sensitive to touch.

The cornea consists of 5 separate layers. The top layer is a tissue that renews itself within 24-48 hours. Since the cornea is the tissue in the front of the eye and the eye is an open organ, the cornea is the first tissue to be affected by trauma. Since most eye injuries or infections affect this upper layer of the cornea and this layer has the ability to renew itself, the cornea can return to its original state. However, if the injury or any corneal infection has affected the lower layers, the healing will be by leaving a stain in front of the eye, and since the transparency of the transparent cornea is deteriorated, the image also deteriorates and becomes blurred. Because except the top layer, the other 4 layers do not have the ability to fully renew themselves and diseases heal by leaving scars

SYMPTOMS OF CORNEA DISEASES

• Pain

• Watering

• Redness

• Light sensitivity

• Pronounced blurred vision

CORNEAL DISEASES

• CORNEAL ECTASIS

  • Keratoconus

  • Keratoglobus

  • Pellucid marginal degeneration

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  • CORNEA INFECTIONS

    • Bacterial, viral, fungal infections

    • Allergic keratoconjunctivitis

  • CONNECTIVE DISEASES OF THE CORENEA

    • Large or small cornea

    • Corneal dystrophies

  CORNEA TREATMENTS

  • MEDICAL THERAPY: Medication treatment is generally applied in cases of infection or dry eye, and the necessary drug treatments are arranged for the patient

  • SURGICAL TREATMENT: It is done to change the integrity, transparency or optical properties of the cornea. Among the surgical treatments applied to the cornea;

    • Excimer laser applied to change the refractive state of the eye

    • Applied in cases where the inclination of the eye deteriorates and the intra-corneal ligaments weaken crosslink treatment (cross-linking treatment)

    • Treatment of superficial stains in front of the eye is phototherapeutic keratectomy surgery performed with excimer laser.

    • Cornea Transplantation: It is a transplant surgery in which the transparent corneal tissue taken from the dead is replaced with the damaged corneal tissue, which is applied in cases where the transparency of the corneal layer is impaired.

  CORNEA TRANSPLANTATION:

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  It is known as eye transplantation among the people, but the transplantation of the whole eye is out of the question, because the eye is an organ in the form of an extension of the brain and is connected to the brain by the optic nerve. In order for the entire eye to be transplanted, the eye must be cut off from the optic nerve and replaced with another eye.

  The transparency of the corneal tissue, which is actually the transparent tissue in the front of the eye, which is referred to as eye transplantation, is deteriorated or the curvature is excessive, causing visual impairment. It is a transplant surgery performed in patients with severe deviations in the transmission of the image to the retina. It is made only with tissue taken from the dead. Even if the person has his/her own will, it is not possible to transfer from a healthy person to his twin.

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