It is a disorder diagnosed when the reading, mathematics and written expression levels of individuals with normal or above normal intelligence are significantly below what is expected, considering their age, intelligence level and education, according to standard tests (APA 2001). In its broadest sense, learning disability is a neurologically based disorder that manifests itself with situations such as fluent reading and reading comprehension, difficulty in perceiving mathematical expressions, and inadequacy in subjects requiring reasoning skills. Although the reasons are not fully known, there are many ideas put forward on this issue. Among these ideas, the ones we hear the most are; It is the experiencing of a negative process that can affect the brain functions of children at any time during their development, but especially in early childhood. So how is dyslexia recognized? The symptoms of dyslexia differ between preschool and school years. Things to consider especially for preschool children: Having difficulty in remembering the concepts (shapes, numbers, etc.) taught during concept teaching, having difficulty in taking the instructions given in order and applying them in that order, not being able to distinguish similar shapes and mixing them up, having difficulty in copying, having difficulty in keeping information in long-term memory, having difficulty in keeping information in long-term memory, having difficulty in taking the given instructions in order and applying them in that order, It is to implement activities with a slow response and to have individuals diagnosed with dyslexia in the family.
Dyslexia in School Life
Symptoms seen during school years; Difficulty in learning letters, sounds, syllables and words and confusion when reading and writing (d-b, m-n, a-e, s-z…), difficulty in separating words into syllables, difficulty in ordering letters, reading by skipping letters, difficulty in pronouncing words that have not been heard often before, It is difficulty in following lines.
For all these reasons, children with dyslexia's commitment to school decreases and therefore their relationship with school gradually comes to an end. Especially in school age children; completion of homework in very long and painful processes, inability to organize, not being able to make time, self-confidence problems or anger management problems due to difficulties experienced and time delays. Problems such as not wanting to go to school are frequently observed.
Families and Teachers Attention!
In these cases, what families and teachers should pay attention to are; The strengths and weaknesses of individuals with dyslexia should be recognized and work should be done on their weaknesses by getting support from their strengths. They should be supported to plan for time use. The nature of the problems they are experiencing should be explained. Because individuals with dyslexia are aware of their differences, but they have insufficient knowledge about why. Individuals around them should be made aware of dyslexia in order to protect them from unwanted negative attitudes and behaviors. In order for them to see that the concept of success in their lives is not only realized with academic success and to support their social life, the child should be directed to arts or sports appropriate to their skills and characteristics. When talking to individuals with dyslexia, it is necessary to focus on their positive points and encourage them. The development of the child should be closely monitored by comparing it within each other and in cooperation with the teacher and parent.
In addition, all children diagnosed with dyslexia have legal rights granted by the state. These rights; The school prepares educational programs (BEP) for the areas in which the student has difficulties due to mental disabilities, receives support from a lecturer/scribe when needed during the exam, gives extra time, or conducts individual exams.
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