According to research, osteoarthritis is more common in women than in men between the ages of 55-74. While the incidence increases in women after the age of 40, this increase is seen in men over the age of 50. While the prevalence of osteoarthritis in societies aged 65 and over is approximately 40-50%, this rate increases to 70-85% in those aged 75 and over. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by progressive and chronic joint pain and dysfunction of the joint cartilage. OA is defined by the American College of Rheumatology as the totality of joint cartilage degeneration and the associated signs and symptoms occurring in the joint. Clinical findings include pain in the affected joint, morning stiffness, loss of joint movement, joint edema, and joint deformities in the later stages of the disease. OA is the most common joint disease and affects every society and ethnic group. When the results obtained from various studies were analyzed, it was found that it ranked seventh among the causes of disability in women, 12th in men and fifth in the elderly population. The increasing prevalence of elderly people in society is considered to be one of the important public health problems due to problems occurring in joint structures such as pain, movement limitation, sensitivity, crepitation and inflammation, and serious functional losses, especially large joint OA.
EPIDEMIOLOGY (WHO IS AT RISK?)
SYSTEMIC RISK FACTORS
The primary risk factor for osteoarthritis is age. Its incidence increases with age. Although osteoarthritis is seen in all races, the joints affected by OA may differ in some ethnic groups. For example, hip joint OA is less common in Asians, while knee OA is more common in African Americans. Genetic studies have found that family history is important in OA of the hip, knee and hand joints. The presence of osteoarthritis in family members is important, especially since genes such as the growth-related Factor 1 gene responsible for cartilage production, the vitamin D receptor gene and the cartilage protein gene are transferred from family to individual.
WHAT IS THE FREQUENCY OF WOMEN AND MEN? strong>
OA, men between the ages of 55-74 It is more common in women than other supplements. While the incidence increases in women after the age of 40, this increase is seen in men over the age of 50. While the prevalence of OA in societies aged 65 and over is approximately 40-50%, this rate increases to 70-85% in those aged 75 and over. Hormonal factors are also effective. Estrogen is thought to have protective properties against OA, and as this protective effect disappears in women in the postmenopausal period, the likelihood of OA increases. When metabolic and nutritional factors are considered, studies have found a relationship between hyperglycemia and high serum cholesterol levels and OA. In addition, the release of vitamin D from the subcutaneous tissue and the decrease in serum level increase the likelihood of OA by 3 times. Among the Local Biomechanical Factors, we can list obesity, acute joint injuries and joint deformities, occupational factors, muscle weakness and physical disability.
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