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The World Health Organization (WHO) defines living things that have undergone changes in their genetic structure that cannot occur naturally as genetically modified organisms.
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These products are called "Transgenic". products.
WHERE ARE GMO USED?
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In agriculture, medicine, paper, textiles. and is used in the food industry.
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In the health sector, all of the insulin used by diabetics, a significant part of the test kits, cancer drugs, vaccines and antibiotics are produced by modern biotechnological methods, that is, from GMO organisms.
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In the food industry, genetically modified microorganisms (bacteria, yeasts and molds) are used as enzymes and food additives (stabilizers, thickeners, etc.) in various productions such as bread, beer, cheese and viticulture products. emulsifier, sweetener, preservative, colorant and flavoring) are used.
WHAT ARE THE PRODUCTS IN WHICH GMOs ARE USED?
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Tomato, potato, corn, banana, pepper, soy, canola, sunflower, strawberry, peach, pineapple, grape, rice, walnut, grain, fish, milk, cheese, sausage, sausage, mutton and cow It is also added to products such as meat and dairy products and many packaged sauces, creams, biscuits and crackers.
WHY ARE FOODS GENETICALLY MODIFIED?
GENERAL PURPOSE; Food-specific purposes such as extending shelf life, reducing the rate of toxic substances, resistance to antibiotics, resistance to herbicides, increasing yield, reducing allergic effects, changing milk content for lactose-sensitive individuals are available in the literature. And more research is needed.
NOTE:
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Banana, raspberry, strawberry, cherry, pineapple, pepper, melon and Studies are still ongoing on watermelon.
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From grains, a gene transfer has been made that provides resistance to herbicide only in rice.
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Wheat, There are no transgenic products that have been put into production yet for products with high economic value such as barley.
WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF GMO?
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Five Increasing the amount of food and enriching its content
Golden rice production, fish that secrete excess growth hormone, increasing meat production
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Reducing the allergic properties of foods
Eight types of foods are responsible for the majority of allergic reactions: Peanuts, eggs, cow's milk, soy, wheat, shellfish, fish, hazelnuts
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Use of food for vaccination purposes
Vaccines are expensive, the way they are applied, the need for trained personnel for their application, the difficulty of transportation and storage, the socio-cultural structure of people. Many people cannot access the vaccine for many reasons such as. Efforts are being made to obtain plants that synthesize various proteins of pathogenic microorganisms through genes that will be transferred to the ordinary plants we consume, and to use these plants as vaccines.
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Use of nutrients for therapeutic purposes
Example: Genetically modified potatoes produced to prevent cholera and diarrhea have been effective.
Example: Soy containing ovokine, which has an antihypertensive effect, and milk with reduced lactose content produced for individuals with lactose intolerance are examples for therapeutic purposes. p>
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Benefits due to the reduction in the use of herbicides and pesticides
Positive improvements have been observed in the health problems of pest-resistant transgenic cotton producers in China. While the decrease in the use of pesticides was shown as an explanation, the less mixing of pesticide residues into drinking water was also mentioned.
WHAT ARE THE DAMAGES OF GMOs?
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Increased risk of allergic reactions
In research; The product, which was created as a result of transferring the gene protein of nuts such as hazelnuts and walnuts to soybean in Brazil to strengthen its amino acid profile, was withdrawn from the market because it increased allergic reactions.
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Antibiotic resistance genes
The effect of antibiotics used in the treatment of many diseases is affected by the transmission of GMOs containing these antibiotic-resistant genes to humans or animals, resulting in resistance. It is thought that scars may remain and infections that may arise will be difficult to control.
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Observance of toxic effects
One of the negative reactions of genetically modified products They also create toxins. In 1967, the potato defined as Lenapo potato in the USA was developed and introduced to the market to have a high dry matter to be used in making chips. Two years later, this type of potato was removed from the market by the US Department of Agriculture due to the formation of solanine toxin.
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Changes in nutritional value
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Increased resistance in harmful bacteria
New genetic traits transferred to plants, such as resistance to herbicides and insects, may escape to natural species, wild species and insects during cross-pollination.
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Transmission of GMO genes into soil, water and ecosystem
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Destruction of biological diversity
CONCLUSION
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Despite many studies on this subject, a definitive judgment cannot yet be made about whether GMOs are beneficial or harmful.
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The reason for this is that GMO technology is new and it is not known what effect it will have in the long term.
GENEMOTED FOODS AND THEIR PURPOSE
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