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SOM is the accumulation of fluid in the middle ear in the presence of an intact eardrum. Although the density of the accumulated liquid is dilute at first, its density may increase over time and reach the consistency of gum. Thus, it restricts the movements of the eardrum, preventing sound transmission and causing hearing loss.
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Depending on the density of the fluid, hearing loss is low in the beginning, but hearing loss increases as the density increases.
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90% of the cases occur in school age. The disease can cause hearing loss, speech impairment, language development and learning difficulties.
ETIOLOGY
Infections of viral or bacterial origin that have been or are being passed,
Eustachian Tube Dysfunction,
Nasal Septum Deviation, Nasal polyps, etc. mechanical nasal obstructions,
Cleft lip and palate, etc. craniofacial malformations,
Serous otitis media disease They may cause >
Familial history (having a large number of children)
Some situations related to birth and neonatal period
Breast milk nutrition (has a protective effect)
Passive smoking
Allergy
Nasal symptoms (nasal disorders)
Upper respiratory tract infections
Seasonal factors
Going to nursery and school
SEQUELAS AND COMPLICATIONS
SOM hearing loss , which can lead to articulation development and loss of perceptual vocabulary. As otological complications;
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Eardrum collapse,
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Eardrum perforation (crazy stroke),
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It can lead to chronic suppurative otitis media (chronic middle ear infection),
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Different ear diseases.
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EVALUATION
The diagnosis of SOM is based on history and physical findings.
In children;
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Hearing loss
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Feeling of dizziness
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Tinnitus
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Feeling of water inside the ear
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If there is earache, perform an ear, nose and throat examination by suspecting SOM. and the presence of audiological tests of the ear reveals the final status of the disease.
DIAGNOSIS
In otoscopic examination, the eardrum is dull and its mobility is reduced. .
Air-fluid level or air bubbles may be seen on the tympanic membrane. Diagnosis can be made by tympanometry. The hearing test indicates a conductive hearing loss.
TREATMENT
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The first step in treatment is to identify and eliminate risk factors.
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If there is adenoid hypertrophy in SOM cases, then surgical treatment is inevitable. In these cases, it is unnecessary to waste time with medical treatment. The best way would be to insert a ventilation tube along with adenoidectomy.
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In children with VT implanted, it is recommended to protect the ear from water.
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With VT insertion, the patient's hearing suddenly increases.
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