Insulin is a hormone secreted from the pancreas and regulates sugar metabolism. While making this regulation, insulin binds to a structure called "insulin receptor" and is activated. If this receptor does not allow insulin to bind for various reasons; Even though insulin is in sufficient quantity in the blood, it does not seem to work.
Insulin resistance can be defined as the difficulty in the insulin secreted to control the sugar in the body to show its effect. While under normal conditions, the body can control sugar with 1 unit of insulin, in patients with insulin resistance, the body has to secrete 2-3 units of insulin. This means excessive insulin secretion in the body.
Insulin resistance has a complex pathogenesis, it is still not fully elucidated and is being investigated. There is a very strong relationship between obesity and insulin resistance. The most common cause of insulin resistance is obesity. When insulin resistance occurs, it may not cause clinical symptoms immediately. In the subclinical period, insulin resistance may regress with lifestyle changes and weight loss, including diet regulation and exercise. If insulin resistance is not intervened, it can cause many diseases in the long term. The risk of cardiovascular disease increases. Endothelial function is impaired. Hypercoagulation problem occurs. Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops. Common diseases such as polycystic ovary syndrome are also associated with insulin resistance. The frequency of metabolic syndrome is increasing. The most important component of metabolic syndrome is insulin resistance. The gold standard method for measuring insulin resistance is the HOMA (Homeostasis Model Assesment) method. The HOMA formula is based on calculation with fasting serum glucose and fasting serum insulin values.
One of the most important approaches used to prevent and reduce the occurrence of insulin resistance and Type II DM is lifestyle intervention. Accordingly, the recommendations included in the guidelines are to prevent body weight gain, reduce the consumption of total and saturated fatty acids, increase the level of physical activity and apply appropriate pharmacotherapy when necessary. If it has become irreversible and clinical problems have emerged, appropriate drug treatment can be given. In addition to medical treatment of insulin resistance Lifestyle changes increase the effectiveness of medications. Lifestyle changes, weight loss, diet regulation and regular exercise against insulin resistance will largely prevent insulin resistance and possible complications.
INSULIN RESISTANCE AND NUTRITION
Carbohydrate: Meeting a certain amount of daily energy needs from carbohydrate-containing foods has an effect on blood glucose control. According to recommendations in diabetes treatment, low-fat, low-carbohydrate and energy-restricted diets that include lifestyle changes have an effect on increasing insulin sensitivity. Studies and evaluations suggest that the daily carbohydrate intake should not fall below 130 grams, as glucose is an energy source for the brain and central nervous system, as well as being necessary for water-soluble vitamins and minerals. However, the type of carbohydrate consumed, rather than the total carbohydrate intake, is extremely important in determining whether it increases glucose levels in the body and affects insulin signaling.
Fructose: Various studies have reported the negative effects of fructose on glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Fructose is a monosaccharide that can be found naturally in fruits, but it is also included as a component of sugar added to sweetened beverages and processed foods. In addition, studies have shown that fructose found in fruits and vegetables does not cause an increasing effect on lipids and blood glucose. Factors such as fiber, phytochemical and antioxidant content in fruits and vegetables are shown as the reason for this.
Protein: Proteins are involved in the synthesis of glycolytic enzymes and hormones such as insulin, the formation of body fluids and inflammation processes. It has important roles in insulin resistance due to its presence in the structure of mediators. The effects of high-protein diets on insulin sensitivity can lead to controversial results. High-protein diets have an insulinotropic (insulin-increasing) effect and reduce excess glucose in the blood by promoting insulin secretion. It is seen as a strategy that improves insulin sensitivity by causing the elimination of trump.
Fat: Fatty acids in nutrition are not only an important source of energy, but also as signaling molecules in various cellular processes. They are taking part. Due to its effects on metabolic targets and cardiovascular disease risk, the type of fat consumed is much more important than total fat consumption.
Dietary Fiber: Dietary fiber; They are defined as complex carbohydrates that the human body cannot digest or partially ferment as a component of foods. Data obtained from observational studies indicate that high intake of fiber and fiber-rich whole grain foods is associated with a reduced risk of obesity and diabetes. It is often easier to detect the effects of soluble viscous fiber on the digestive system. By adding this type of fiber to the diet, the rate of glucose formation in the blood slows down and insulin secretion decreases accordingly. These beneficial effects on blood glucose and insulin concentrations are extremely important for individuals with insulin resistance.
In general, making a habit of healthy and regular eating will bring the best results. Eating an adequate and balanced diet, exercising, eating low-glycemic foods, increasing daily fiber intake, and losing excess weight are very important for insulin resistance. In addition, water consumption and stress factors are points that should be taken into consideration.
Read: 0
