Gastrointestinal system; It is a system that includes a long tubular structure between the mouth and anus and many organs related to this structure, and whose main function is digestion.
This system;
Chewing and swallowing:It is the breaking of food into small pieces and delivering them to the esophagus through the mouth-pharynx.
Digestion:It is the breakdown of ingested food into small absorbable molecules by enzymes.(stomach, thin intestines).
Absorption: It is the passage of absorbable molecules (protein, carbohydrate, fat), minerals and vitamins into the blood and lymph fluid (small intestines).
Excretion:To fulfill the functions of storing unabsorbable food residues and excreting them through the anal route (large intestine).
Digestive System: Mouth, Pharynx (pharynx), Esophagus (esophagus), Stomach, Small intestines, Large intestines, Rectum, Anal canal shaped tubular structure and associated with this structure; It consists of the whole of the salivary glands, gallbladder, liver and pancreas organs.
- The Basic Function of the Digestive System
The main task of the system is to carry out digestion. However, organs perform many interrelated functions in a complex structure. For example, while the pancreas secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine for digestion, it also secretes many hormones, especially insulin and glucagon, which regulate blood sugar. While the stomach supports chemical digestion with the release of hydrochloric acid and pepsin, it also plays a role in the absorption of vitamin B12 with intrinsic factor and the regulation of appetite with the release of ghrelin hormone. Similar digestive and hormonal activities continue in other parts of the digestive system.
- Structure of the Digestive System
The tubular structure of the digestive system is basically It consists of four layers. Tube-shaped wall structure from inside to outside; It is in the form of mucosa - submucosa - muscularis propria - serosa. This tubular structure allows the food to be mixed and pushed forward. sin The wall structure of the digestive system shows structural changes appropriate to the functions of the organs. While the muscle layer in the stomach has different configurations, the muscle structure and design show different characteristics, especially in sphincter regions such as the pyloric cardia. Most cancers in the digestive system arise from the innermost layer, the mucosa.
- Digestive System Diseases
There are many benign and malignant diseases. . In addition to common (stomach cancer, colon and rectum cancer...) and rarer (small intestine cancers, gallbladder cancers, appendix cancers...) malignant diseases of all these organs, There are benign diseases that are seen (liver hemangiomas, gallbladder stones, peptic ulcers, hemorrhoids...) and rare (Meckel's diverticulum, leimyoma, celiac disease...). On the other hand, there are many infectious and non-infectious (Crohn's, ulcerative colitis..) inflammatory diseases of all these organs.
In short, there are hundreds of different diseases in the digestive system, from constipation and dyspepsia to cancer. There are a wide range of treatment options for these diseases, from medication to surgical treatment and organ transplantation. Alternatives in treatment are increasing day by day.
Current Developments in the Treatment of Digestive System Diseases
There have been many current developments in the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal system diseases. Especially with the development of endoscopic methods such as gastroscopy and colonoscopy, the ability to see the inside of organs directly and the endoscopic treatment of some diseases are examples of these. On the other hand, with the developments in laparoscopy, many surgical procedures are now performed laparoscopically. > (gallbladder, reflux surgery, obesity surgery, colorectal surgery…) can be performed. Combining the knowledge and technology in surgical treatment results in more successful surgeries and more effective treatment of diseases.
As a result; The gastrointestinal system is one of the main systems of our body and is a system where many diseases are seen.
Diagnosis and treatment Developments in technology and the increase in the level of awareness enable more effective treatments for diseases.
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