There are many methods of contraception such as hormonal, barrier and birth control pills.
What are Contraception Methods?
Condom: It is a rubber sheath that is put on the penis after erection during sexual intercourse. It prevents the semen containing sperm from entering the woman's vagina after ejaculation. The success rate of the method is 88% when used alone.
Diaphragm: It is a rubber, hat-like tool placed in the cervix of the woman before intercourse. Application of spermicide (spermicidal substance) to the cervix prevents the sperms that can physically exceed the diaphragm to survive. When used alone, the success rate is 82%.
Spermicides: They are substances that can be in the form of cream, suppository or foam that are applied into the vagina before intercourse and prevent sperm from staying alive. Since their effectiveness is not very high when used alone (79%), using them together with other barrier methods increases their effectiveness.
What are the Hormonal Methods in Family Planning?
By giving small doses of hormones from the outside to the body, ovary and pituitary gland are protected. operation is prevented. Ovulation, therefore, pregnancy does not occur.
Birth control pills: Combined oral contraceptives: It is based on the principle that pregnancy does not occur as a result of suppression of natural balance as a result of external administration of female (estrogen) and ovulation (progesterone) hormones in low doses. It has a high protection rate of 99%.
Minipills: These are pills that do not contain female hormones (estrogen) and only contain ovulation hormone (progesterone). The success rate is 97%. The most obvious advantage of this method is that it can be used during breastfeeding when those containing estrogen cannot be used. However, in daily practice, it is known that the protection of morning-after pills taken after the first 24 hours is reduced.
What's in Contraception Methods?
Needle and patch:
- Monthly Needles: These drugs, which contain both estrogen and progesterone, have a high protection rate when they are taken regularly every month.
- Three months Light needles: 3-month needles, which are the most protective among the hormonal methods used, contain only progesterone hormone.
- Subcutaneous implants: A capsule containing progesterone is placed under the skin on the inner surface of the upper arm in the form of an implant. In this method, which provides protection for about 5 years, the progesterone content of the capsule thins the intrauterine layer and pregnancy is prevented.
- Birth control patch: It provides protection with a principle similar to birth control pills. There are 3 tapes in a box. These bands are attached to one of the arm, leg and hip regions, each staying for a week. method. This ring, which is placed in the vagina, is removed after 3 weeks of use and menstrual bleeding occurs in this one-week period when the ring is not used.
One of the biggest advantages of birth control pills is that they prevent anemia by reducing the amount of menstrual bleeding. In some women, this decrease is so pronounced that menstrual bleeding may be just spotting, like coffee grounds, which is nothing to worry about. Birth control pills reduce menstrual pain and reduce the possibility of ovarian and intrauterine cancer. Taking the drugs just before bedtime makes this effect easier to tolerate by the woman. The second most common side effect is breakthrough bleeding when using the pill. The vast majority of breakthrough bleeding occurs when the female hormone estrogen in the drug is present in lower doses than it should be. Some women may complain of weight gain. This can be prevented by the use of lower dose pills.
Pregnancy status should be determined with a pregnancy test before starting to use the pills. There are various drugs on the market. Some of them contain 21 drugs. It is necessary to start the first box within the first 5 days of menstruation (preferably the first day). After 21 days of drug use, no drug is taken for 7 days, during this period menstrual bleeding occurs. A new box is started following a 7-day drug-free period. be 28 pills Instant drugs, on the other hand, are for continuous use. The last drugs in the box do not contain hormones, while taking these drugs, menstrual bleeding begins.
Birth control pills should not be used in patients with breast cancer, blood clotting problems, heart and liver patients. Those who breastfeed a baby under 6 months old, smoker, have diabetes, high blood pressure, migraine and depression should be used under control. It reduces the ability to fertilize and most importantly, it creates a foreign body reaction in the uterus and prevents pregnancy from adhering to the intrauterine layer.
It shows its effect by releasing 20 micrograms of the total 52 mg progesterone hormone derivative it contains in its hormonal spiral arms. This hormone level is sufficient to thin the intrauterine layer, prevent ovulation and prevent pregnancy. The most common side effect of the spiral is that it increases the amount of menstrual bleeding and prolongs the menstrual period. Another disadvantage of the spiral is that it facilitates sexually transmitted diseases. Since it is not recyclable, it is a suitable method for couples who do not want children in the future. Its protection is close to 100%.
Vasectomy:
It is the process of permanently disrupting the passage of sperm cells from the testicles to the areas where they are stored in men by surgical methods. After this procedure, there is no change in the external appearance of the fluid discharged during ejaculation, but pregnancy does not occur because there are no sperm cells in the fluid. In this method, whose protection is close to 100%, it is very difficult to return as in women.
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