Burning during urination - What is dysuria?
Dysuria is the medical term for pain or discomfort during urination. Dysuria, which is often defined as painful urination, that is, a burning sensation while urinating, is most commonly caused by bacterial infections of the urinary tract. Even without infection, a burning sensation while urinating may occur due to many reasons. Whether the feeling of burning in urine occurs at the beginning of urination, at the end of urination, after urination, or is continuous, can give us an idea about the cause of the burning sensation and the area where it originates. In addition, other complaints accompanying burning (bleeding, fever, frequent need to urinate, etc.) contribute to the diagnosis. The complaint of burning sensation in urination is more common in women than in men. The pain accompanying dysuria, the need to urinate frequently, and pain in the groin indicate that the event is more likely due to infection. In addition, the possibility of bladder cancer should be kept in mind in smokers over middle age who only experience burning sensation at the end of urination. In men over the age of 50, bladder infection is usually associated with prostate enlargement or prostate infection.
Causes of burning in urine
1-Non-infectious causes:
-Urine Causes of obstruction: In diseases that cause obstruction in the urinary tract, such as urethra (urinary tract) stenosis, prostate enlargement, there may be a complaint of burning during urination. Prostate enlargement, which occurs in men with increasing age, is the most common cause of burning sensation and obstruction in urination. Along with dysuria, these patients have complaints of intermittent urination, interrupted urination, and urinary incontinence. Burning in urine may occur in cases of bladder dysfunction and vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in children.
-Urological Cancers:Kidney, Bladder and prostate cancer, Urethra cancer (urinary tract cancer). Dysuria may be an early symptom of bladder cancer. Bladder cancer should be kept in mind in a male patient who smokes, if there is no infection in the urinary tract, if there is burning in the urine and bleeding in the urine that is microscopic or visible.
-Stone disease: Stone diseases (causing obstruction). or kidney, bladder and urinary tract stones that do not). Dysfunction by causing irritation and irritation to the urinary tract cells They cause . Excretion of stone-forming substances (Calcium, uric acid and oxalate, etc.) is high in urine.
- Other non-infectious causes:Rheumatic diseases such as Reiter's syndrome, Behçet's disease, Vasculitis, glomerulonephritis. Diabetes, pregnancy, and some drug side effects may also cause dysuria. Additionally, dysuria may be observed. Dysuria may occur in the last stages of pregnancy. Dysuria may occur in cases of allergies and irritation due to activities such as horse riding or cycling, soaps, perfumes and other personal care products. Burning in urination may occur due to tissue growth in the external urinary opening (carincula) and its obstruction, which is seen in post-menopausal women.
-Allergic conditions:Allergies to some foods, chemicals, herbal and medical drugs. Dysuria may be seen in allergic conditions. Severe dysuria may be seen especially in allergies to seafood (such as shrimp, squid).
2-Causes Due to Infection
-Cystitis: It is the most common cause of urinary burning, especially in women. Cystitis is very common in women between the ages of 20 and 50. It usually starts during sexual intercourse when bacteria enter the opening where urine comes out (urethra). When bacteria enter a woman's urinary tract, since the distance is short, they quickly reach the bladder and multiply there, causing cystitis.
-Kidney infection (Pyelonephritis): Urinary burning along with side pain, fever, It is a relatively severe clinical picture accompanied by frequent need to go to the toilet and nausea.
-Gonorrhea (Urethritis): It is accompanied by burning in urination, discharge and itching in the urinary tract. The type of bacteria can be predicted according to the color of the discharge. It is usually a sexually transmitted infection.
-Prostatitis: Prostate infection, accompanied by burning in the urine, frequent urination, intermittent urination, bifurcation. urination and pain in the genital area are observed.
-Epididymitis and Epididymo-Orchitis: Dysuria is a testicular infection manifested by pain, swelling, redness and fever in the testicles
- Vaginitis: It manifests itself with vaginal discharge, itching, burning sensation in urination and pain r.Vaginitis may be due to fungi and bacteria. Burning in urine may occur without any signs of infection due to hormone withdrawal after menopause.
DIAGNOSIS
History, physical examination, blood and urine tests, and urine culture constitute the first step in approaching a patient with urinary burn. Even a simple urine test can give insight into many diseases. Since approximately 60% of the causes of burning in the urine are due to infections, infection-related examinations should be considered in these studies. If there is no sign of infection, other diseases and causes that may cause burning sensation in the urine are investigated. Depending on the information obtained here, urine rate measurement, ultrasonography, tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) may be required.
TREATMENT
Treatment of the complaint of burning in urine is directed to the underlying cause. Dysuria alone. Treatment to reduce the complaints can only be given if the cause of dysuria cannot be completely eliminated, some medications can be given to reduce the complaints. Depending on the cause of dysuria, it responds well to treatment within a few days. If the underlying cause is difficult to determine or involves a complex condition, complaints may last longer. To help prevent dysuria caused by cystitis or pyelonephritis, drinking several glasses of water each day may be recommended.
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