According to studies, the number of sperm in men decreases every year around the world, and the number of sperm has decreased by approximately 50% compared to 50 years ago. As a result of this decrease, the World Health Organization had to reduce the sperm values considered normal in 2010. It is thought that mobile phones, hormonal foods, high-fat diet and increased environmental toxins (heavy metals and insect poisons) play an important role in the deterioration of normal sperm values. When countries in the world are compared, it is seen that the deterioration in sperm values increases as the rate of industrialization increases.
Statistically, 30-40% of couples who cannot have children (infertility) despite regular intercourse have a male factor, and it is the sole cause of infertility in one of every 5 infertile couples. male factor was found. It is estimated that one in every 20 men has sperm count and/or function problems at varying rates, and azoospermia (the condition of not having any sperm in the semen) is observed in one percent of men. The main causes of insufficiency in sperm production are chromosomal and genetic problems, congenital undescended sperm. There are testicular and infectious causes. Varicocele, a disease commonly known among the public that can also cause pain in the genital area, can also cause low sperm production. Varicocele is seen in 15% of normal men and 40% of infertile men. Other reasons that reduce sperm production are hormonal reasons, medications, chemicals, radiation damage, alcohol and smoking. Cadmium enters the body through smoking and damages the testicles. In the investigation of a childless couple, when all the findings of the woman are normal, the type of treatment is decided according to the sperm values of the man. The two most commonly used methods of treatment are intrauterine insemination and in vitro fertilization. In cases of mild male factor, a pregnancy rate of 10-15% can be achieved with vaccination. In cases where sperm parameters are below certain threshold values, the only method to choose is in vitro fertilization and microinjection.
A new one has recently been added to the known causes of male infertility. This disorder, known as oxidative stress, can cause infertility by creating DNA damage in the sperm. Sperm quality is low. oxidative stress in patients with It has been shown that free oxidative radicals that cause obesity are high. DNA damage in sperm increases with age, and it has been shown that increased DNA damage plays an important role in male infertility. Although free oxidative radicals are necessary for fertilization, their excessive production damages sperm function through loss of sperm motility and DNA damage. Thus, it can initiate many pathological processes in the male reproductive system. It has been shown that sperm DNA damage has a significant contribution to 30-80% of infertile men. It is thought that this harmful effect can be reduced by using nutritional supplements such as vitamin C, vitamin E and beta-carotene. Current oxidative stress detection models do not contain a complete measurement system. and is not useful for clinical applications. Devices suitable for clinical use have been developed to measure DNA damage in sperm. MIOXSYS device is based on the Oxidation-Reduction Potential principle and measures electron exchange. The ability to predict sperm DNA damage in approximately 4 minutes gives us the opportunity to choose the appropriate approach in treatment. Especially in in vitro fertilization treatment, higher pregnancy rates can be achieved by using sperm without DNA damage in the microinjection method.
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