Vitamin D has long been known for its immune-modulating effects, as well as its function in calcium metabolism. As a result, low vitamin D levels have been associated with many diseases, including
multiple sclerosis (MS). Epidemiological studies show an association between low vitamin D
levels and the development of MS, and low vitamin D
levels are associated with more attacks and faster worsening in individuals with MS.
Most of Vitamin D3 is synthesized in the skin through sunlight (ultraviolet B) and a smaller portion
is obtained through nutrition. Vitamin D3 is biologically inactive and is therefore first metabolized in the liver by members of the
cytochrome P450 family (Cyp) enzymes to 25-hydroxyvitamin D(25(OH)D)39 and then to Vitamin D3 by Cyp27B1. It is converted to 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D, the biologically active form of 39. The main circulating metabolite is 25-hydroxyvitamin D.
In the general population, serum 25(OH)D concentration is lt; Persons with 30 nmol/l (< 12 ng/ml) are considered to be vitamin D deficient, while levels ≥ 50 nmol/l (≥ 20 ng/mL) are considered sufficient for almost all people. However, these recommendations are based on optimal levels for bone metabolism
. Serum levels of 25(OH)D above 50 nmol/l (relatively high) should be targeted to have an effect on disease activity in individuals with MS. For people with multiple sclerosis
the recommended daily dose of vitamin d can vary depending on many factors, such as sun exposure, dietary characteristics, and the person's general health. In general, however, the recommended daily dose for individuals with MS is
2,000 to 4,000 International Units (IU).
Daily need for vitamin D with adequate exposure to sunlight and a balanced diet
br /> may be possible to meet. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin and therefore can accumulate
in the body and cause potentially toxic effects when taken in excessive amounts. However, vitamin D
is not a stand-alone treatment option for MS and should not be used in place of immunomodulatory treatments. In many studies, vitamin D replenishment in people with MS The effects of vine on quality of life,
fatigue scores, exacerbations, EDSS(extended disability scale) and MR activity
are shown. While research has shown the positive effects of vitamin D 39 in some people with MS, more research is needed to understand the full effects of vitamin D
and to confirm its long-term safety and effectiveness.
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