Vertigo is mainly caused by diseases of the central nervous system and inner ear. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common type of vertigo. In this type of vertigo, severe dizziness is observed that lasts for 15 seconds or a few minutes and usually occurs following movement of the head. It may occur as a result of shaking the head back and forth or turning over in bed.
It is usually seen in middle-aged and older people. Respiratory diseases and decreased blood flow to the head area can cause this condition. Although the findings can be disturbing, BPPV is a benign disorder. Rehabilitation movements performed by the ENT physician are used in its treatment. Apart from this, after infections, dizziness may occur due to inflammation of the balance nerves and balance channels in the ear. Another disease in which vertigo occurs is Meniere's disease. In addition to vertigo symptoms, Meniere's disease also includes tinnitus and hearing loss. Meniere's disease progresses in the form of attacks and periods of remission. Although the cause of the disease is not known exactly, head traumas, viruses, heredity and allergies are among the causes.
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Acoustic neuroma is a type of tumor of the nerve tissue of the inner ear. Tinnitus and hearing loss occur along with vertigo.
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Vertigo may also occur as a result of occlusion of brain vessels or brain hemorrhage. Another disease in which vertigo occurs is multiple sclerosis (MS).
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Vertigo may occur after head trauma and neck injuries. Diabetes, low blood sugar, anxiety and panic disorder are other causes of vertigo.
In vertigo, the person has a feeling that he or the people around him are spinning. Vertigo may be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, abnormal eye movements and sweating. Hearing loss and tinnitus may occur. Visual impairment, difficulty in walking and changes in consciousness may accompany the condition. Problems accompanying vertigo vary depending on the main disease causing vertigo.
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