A Psychoanalytic View of Eating Disorders
Psychoanalysis evaluates eating disorders from different aspects. According to dynamic theory, a significant connection can be established between eating disorders and object relations. (Aydın&Maner,2007) The point at which the distortion of social perception is based can be explained, in one dimension, by a dynamic approach.
According to Freud, people associate food with sexuality, and their relationship with food is associated with their reactions to sexual experiences. (Özakkaş & Çorak, 2010) Eating fantasies developed by individuals against their desires and fears of pregnancy are basic examples of oral fixation. (Aydın & Maner, 2007) Cramming the food into the mouth as much as possible and then vomiting are symptoms of the fixated oral period.
The individual, who cannot establish a secure connection with the object of desire in the oral period and goes through a conflicting period, tries to resolve the fixated period with food. It works. Food is taken orally. Painful oral experiences push individuals to exhibit a hostile or obsessive attitude towards the object that can be most easily met orally. People love food, hate food, binge eat, vomit, want it or not. It can be explained by the meaning it attaches to the object.****
Strict attitudes towards food, hostile attitude towards food and feeling under pressure can be explained by anal fixation. (Aydın&Maner,2007) A child who is exposed to a lot of pressure during the anal period (1.5-3 years old) can develop strict attitudes and self-protective behaviors. The person produces his own formulations and creates defenses in order to protect himself from these bad situations.
Individuals experiencing pressure during the anal period may cause them to develop a hostile attitude. Children who are subjected to pressure during the anal period and have bad experiences may hold back their feces or act as freely as possible in toileting in order to punish their parents and themselves. Individuals who have undergone anal fixation may experience eating disorders and express their bad experiences through food. Holding food in (binge) and then punishing defecation (vomiting) They are located in.
One study found that excessive parental control in childhood fosters immature defenses against physical abuse. (Özakkaş&Çorak, 2010) Oppressive parents constantly try to keep their children under control.
Criticisms of the social environment, oppressive family attitudes, feelings of self-inadequacy, and judgmental attitudes lead people to stress. People who imagine themselves in a world where they will not be judged, turn to beings that will not judge them, that is, food. The vicious circle begins.
Oppressive and controlling families alienate their children from individualization and do not allow development. Children who are oppressed cannot develop their personalities and cannot be competent in the decisions they make. People become so distant from themselves that the only things they can control are their food and their bodies. Since people cannot control their lives, they tend to protect themselves by developing immature ego defenses. Body and food control can be areas of competence for these people. Individuals can use their bodies as tools because they can do whatever they want with them. They use their bodies as a means of individualization. Eating, not eating, binge eating and vomiting behavior, which are a form of expression of themselves, become a form of expression and a right to have a say in life for people.
Controlling their bodies gives people a feeling of authority. wakes up and this self-control situation is replaced after a while. People become unable to control their bodies and impulses. The control center is the habituation phase of the disease. (Özakkaş, Çorak, 2010) This situation creates great stress for the person. The individual, acting with immature defense mechanisms, tries to get rid of this emotional state by throwing away food in order to get rid of the mood that he cannot tolerate. it works.
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