Intelligence Development

What is Intelligence?

Intelligence can be defined as the ability to learn, generalize what has been learned, adapt to new situations and environments, and find solutions.

What is Effective in Intelligence Development?

Intelligence is innate and is largely influenced by heredity. However, heredity is not the only factor that determines intelligence. Intelligence development is affected by problems experienced before, during and after birth. These include chromosomal disorders, infectious diseases and poisonings during pregnancy, oxygen deprivation of the baby during birth, metabolic and nutritional disorders, brain diseases, insufficiency of environmental stimuli, neglect and abuse.

Intelligence develops rapidly in the first years. It starts to slow down in your 20s. After this age, the basic intelligence power of the individual remains the same, and there is an increase in knowledge, skills and experiences.

Intelligence Development by Age

            In the first 18 months of life, intelligence, movement and It consists of perceptions. By the fourth month, the baby begins to repeat a behavior that he/she has done randomly. Starting from the sixth month, he tries to reach out and pick up the object he sees. In the ninth month, he understands that the object has permanence, that is, a hidden object does not disappear and can appear again, and he begins to search for the hidden object and perform the necessary behaviors to find it.

            Completely intelligent behavior is observed for the first time around the age of one. It changes previous behavior patterns. He tries to know and understand the outside world through trial and error. The first signs of thinking appear around 18 months. Starting from this month, he not only learns through trial and error, but also begins to establish relationships between objects. At the age of 2, he understands the relationship between words and objects. He thinks that every moving object is alive. Concepts begin to develop after the age of 2. Between the ages of 2 and 4, they use objects as symbols of other things. She talks to her baby as if it were alive and tries to feed it.

He mentally concentrates on himself and cannot understand other people's points of view. 4-7 years old Between these concepts, concepts can be understood more on a concrete level. They have difficulty making mental comparisons. Between the ages of 7 and 11, concepts such as logical thinking, number, time, size and volume begin to be established. Abstract thought is not yet fully established. They have difficulty understanding metaphorical meanings, and therefore proverbs and idioms. From the age of 11, logical thinking reaches the adult style.

Types of Intelligence

              While in previous years only the concept of cognitive intelligence (IQ) was mentioned, today the emotional dimension of intelligence (EQ) and Multiple intelligence theory is mentioned.

             Emotional Intelligence can be defined as recognizing our own emotions and understanding what the other person feels, being able to control emotional impulses, and being able to maintain healthy relationships. Recent research reveals that people's personal and professional success is affected by emotional intelligence rather than IQ. The skills that make up emotional intelligence can be grouped under two main headings: personal and social skills. Personal skills include self-awareness, self-management and motivation, and social skills include empathy and social relations.

            IQ, which indicates cognitive capacity and comprehension ability, is measured by tests and intelligence score cannot be increased. Emotional intelligence can be improved, unlike IQ. While cognitive intelligence is used in speaking, writing, calculating and problem solving, emotional intelligence is used as a vital skill in all areas of life.

             In the theory of multiple intelligence, 7 different types of intelligence are mentioned. According to this theory, determining which type of intelligence a person learns with supports academic success.

             Verbal Intelligence:It is the ability to use words effectively. These children love to learn by listening and convey their feelings and thoughts through verbal expressions. They enjoy telling stories, fairy tales and jokes, and they like to read books. Their memories are strong. They love word games. good verbal communication is. Their vocabulary is wide.

             Numerical (Logical) Intelligence:They like to establish cause-effect relationships and say 'why', they ask a lot of questions. These children love to calculate, count, reason, disassemble a machine and see how it works. They ask questions about how objects work, they enjoy strategy games and logic puzzles, they are successful in intelligence games.

            Visual Intelligence: These children remember better what they see rather than what they hear. . His drawings and paintings are beautiful compared to his peers. They like to learn with movies and slide shows. They think in pictures and shapes. They can understand maps, tables and diagrams. They dream a lot. They love art and project activities. When reading, they understand pictures rather than words.

           Bodily Intelligence:It is the ability of a person to use his body to express himself and create something. They cannot sit still and are very interested in sports. Manual skills have improved. They can carry out repair work very easily. They imitate well.

They learn by touching and moving. They use body language effectively when speaking.

           Musical (Auditory) Intelligence:It is the capacity to be sensitive to sounds and the ability to express oneself through music. Even if they don't know notes, they recognize melodies and remember them immediately. They play instruments and sing in the choir. They keep pace and rhythm while working. They are sensitive to sounds. They learn songs easily.

            Social Intelligence: They are very successful at getting to know people. He has leadership qualities. They learn by playing, sharing and talking. They enjoy being with their friends. They have high persuasive power. They like to take part in organizations. He has many friends. They like to talk and listen.

           Inner Intelligence: They like to dream and think, and they analyze their own strengths and weaknesses well. individual They enjoy getting used to it. They learn lessons from success and failure. They like to be alone.

The Relationship between Academic Success and Intelligence

           A common belief in our society is that only people with good academic success are intelligent. However, the concept of academic success is based on the use of appropriate learning methods. This depends on which type of intelligence the child predominantly uses in learning. Every child can learn the same subject in a different way. What is important here is the type of intelligence with which the child learns, rather than whether he is intelligent or not. In addition, intelligence and intelligence type alone are not sufficient for success. For success, appropriate study habits must be acquired.

Recommendations for Parents

            Every child is born with a certain intelligence potential. However, the development of the skills that constitute intelligence and emotional intelligence depends on the attitudes of the parents, the child receiving sufficient attention and love, growing up in a psychologically healthy family environment, and adequately meeting his needs such as nutrition and care. In order to increase the child's existing potential, parents should pay attention to the following points.

 

• First of all, it is important to establish correct communication.

• Empathy should be included in communication and the child should be enabled to establish empathy-based relationships with his/her friends.

• It is necessary to observe the child well from infancy.

• As he grows older, his talents and interests should be discovered and these areas should be supported.

• Appropriate environment and materials should be provided for learning.

• The child should be encouraged in research and discovery.

• He should be given the opportunity to ask questions for learning and his questions should be answered in accordance with his age.

• Study The habit should be gained.

• Every parent thinks that their child is very smart and is proud of it. However, constantly emphasizing this in every environment causes different emotions in children. it could be. Some children, relying on being “too smart,” may not develop proper study habits and may struggle academically. Some children may experience self-confidence problems in the face of even the slightest failure. For this reason, it is not appropriate to tell this to the child, even if his mental capacity is above normal.

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