Gynecology, popularly known as the Department of Gynecology, deals with gynecological diseases that occur from adolescence to menopause. Gynecological oncology deals with gynecological cancers. Cervix (cervix), endometrium (womb), ovarian (ovary) cancers are among the most common types of gynecological cancers. Tuba uterina (tube, fallopian tubes), uterus (uterus), vagina and vulva (outer part of genital area) cancers can be listed among these cancer types, which are also defined as female cancer. These cancer types, which are planned to be treated by the gynecological oncology department, are among the diseases that cause death most frequently after heart diseases all over the world.
What are gynecological cancers?
Gynecological cancers are mainly associated with the female reproductive organs. The most common types of gynecological cancers today are uterine, ovarian and cervical cancers. In all three types of cancer, where early diagnosis is important, additional treatment methods such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy are applied in addition to the surgical treatment option.
The rate of positive response to treatment is high in these 3 common cancer types.
The symptoms of gynecological cancers differ according to the organs from which they originate, such as ovaries, uterus and cervix. Diagnostic studies can also be grouped as gynecological examination, radiological examinations and laboratory tests for the affected area. >
What are the Risk Factors of Gynecological Cancers?
There are many factors that trigger gynecological cancer types.
- Family history,
- never giving birth,
- having sexually transmitted diseases,
- being overweight,
- not going to regular gynecological examinations
- smoking are some of the factors that increase the probability of getting female cancers.
What is Uterine Cancer?
Uterine cancer, which is defined as endometrial cancer in medical language, is the most common type of cancer among gynecological cancer types. The disease affects almost all age groups. Although a can occur, it is more common among women aged 55 years and older. The uterus thickens a little every month during the menstrual cycle and prepares itself for possible pregnancy.
In cases where pregnancy does not occur, it becomes thinner by exfoliating under the influence of hormones. This thickening and thinning inner part of the uterus is called the endometrium. It is the cells belonging to this tissue that cause endometrial cancer. Changes in progesterone levels are thought to trigger uterine cancer.
There are risk factors that affect the occurrence of uterine cancer. Some of these risks, which can also be evaluated within the scope of gynecological cancer risk factors, can be listed as follows:
- Family history,
- Advanced age,
- Early onset of the first menstrual period ,
- Late menopause,
- Never gave birth,
- Being infertile,
- Obesity,
- Diabetes ,
- Polycystic ovary syndrome.
What are the Symptoms of Uterine Cancer?
The most common symptom of endometrial cancer is vaginal bleeding. Bleeding between menstrual cycles and excessive bleeding are common signs of uterine cancer. Vaginal bleeding during menopause may also indicate the presence of uterine cancer. In addition to these, symptoms such as pain in the pelvic region, abdominal pain, and bloating are among the symptoms of uterine cancer.
What are the Diagnosis and Treatment Methods for Uterine Cancer?
Vaginal ultrasound for the diagnosis of uterine cancer Many methods such as hysteroscopy, pathological evaluation of the tissue taken by curettage method, CT and MR are used. Uterine cancer treatment is regulated in different ways according to the type and stage of the cancer. In addition to surgery, one or more of the treatment options such as hormone therapy, chemotherapy and radiotherapy can be applied.
What is Ovarian Cancer?
Another common type of cancer among gynecological cancer types is ovarian cancer. is cancer. The average age of onset of the disease, which can occur in almost any age group, is 63 years. This blood, also known as ovarian cancer in medicine The ser type usually does not cause symptoms until it spreads to the pelvis and abdomen. Ovarian cancer consists of epithelial (derived from cells in the outer part of the ovary), germ cell (derived from egg-producing cells), and stromal (derived from cells that produce hormones).
What Causes Ovarian Cancer?
Although the cause of ovarian cancer is not yet fully understood, there are some risk factors that are thought to trigger ovarian cancer. Hormonal and environmental factors, especially genetic factors, can be listed among the causes of ovarian cancer.
Another part of the factors causing ovarian cancer can be listed as follows:
- Familial history of breast and / or ovarian cancer,
- Use of drugs that increase ovulation,
- Never conceived,
- Long-term use of birth control pills,
- Obesity,
- Advanced age
What are the Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer?
Ovarian cancer does not show any symptoms until advanced stages. Existing symptoms are often personal to the individual. However, symptoms such as abdominal pain, stomach discomfort and bloating can be listed among the symptoms of ovarian cancer. In the advanced stages of the disease, a palpable mass, fluid accumulation in the abdomen, a feeling of pressure, urinary and intestinal problems are seen. Symptoms such as vaginal bleeding, menstrual irregularity, postmenopausal bleeding, weight loss, groin pain, loss of appetite, gas, nausea, and the need to urinate frequently can be listed among the symptoms of ovarian cancer.
Ovarian Cancer What are the Diagnosis and Treatment Methods?
Routine gynecological controls are important in order to detect ovarian cancer at an early stage. Recognition of the mass during the controls allows early diagnosis. Methods such as pelvic examination, ultrasonography, CT, MRI, blood tests and pathological examination are used for the diagnosis of the disease. In addition to surgical methods, chemotherapy and radiotherapy applications are used for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
What is Cervical Cancer?
Cervical cancer, also known as cervical cancer in medical language, is caused by It is a known and preventable disease. The uterus attaches to the vagina HPV (human papillomavirus, human papilloma virus) is the causative agent in 99% of cervix cancers that can be explained as a part.
What Causes Cervical Cancer?
Although HPV is one of the leading causes of cervical cancer, this virus is not the only cause of cervical cancer. Infections such as HIV can also cause cervical cancer. Some of the risk factors for cervical cancer can be listed as follows:
- Sexually transmitted infections
- Being sexually active before the age of 16
- Long-term birth control Pill use
- Use of drugs that suppress the immune system
- High birthrate
- Imbalanced diet
- Smoking
What are the Symptoms of Cervical Cancer?
Cervical cancer can cause many symptoms. Breakthrough bleeding, pain during sexual intercourse, bleeding after sexual intercourse, foul-smelling vaginal discharge, postmenopausal bleeding, swelling in one or both legs and pain during urination can be listed as symptoms of cervical cancer.
What are the Diagnosis and Treatment Methods for Cervical Cancer?
Regular cervical screening provides early diagnosis of cervical cancer. Methods such as HPV test and pap smear test are among the methods used in the diagnosis of cervical cancer. Cervical cancer treatment is similar to gynecological cancer treatment methods. In addition to surgical interventions, treatment methods such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy are frequently used in cervical cancer.
You can find detailed information at the address of Cervical (cervix) cancer.
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