Colon and rectum cancers are cancers arising from the part of the digestive system called the 'large intestine'. The 15cm part of the large intestine from the anus is called the rectum, and the 150cm upper part of the rectum is called the colon.
On average, 1 million people in the world are diagnosed with colorectal cancer every year. Colorectal cancer is ranked 3rd among the most common cancers in the world.
The most common cancer types in Turkey are, respectively
In men, lung, prostate, colorectal, bladder, stomach
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In women, breast, thyroid, colorectal, uterus, lung
WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF COLORECTAL CANCER?
-Change in bowel habits (if previously Non-persistent constipation or diarrhea, change in the color of the stool, thinning of its diameter, defecation in the form of goat droppings)
-Abdominal pain, feeling of discomfort in the abdomen, gas pains.
-Blood with the stool. coming, rectal bleeding.
-Weakness, weight loss
-Iron deficiency and related anemia
WHAT ARE THE RISK FACTORS FOR COLORECTAL CANCER?
-Advanced age
-Presence of polyps in the intestine
-A family history of colorectal cancer
-Hereditary polyps in the colon and rectum characterized by familial polyposis syndromes
-Inflammatory bowel diseases (ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease)
-Ovarian, breast and uterine cancer in women
-Excessive amounts of processed and animal products consuming food, consuming small amounts of fruits and vegetables.
-Smoking.
WHAT ARE THE METHODS FOR DIAGNOSIS OF COLORECTAL CANCER?
-Checking for hidden blood in the stool
-Colonoscopy
-Computed Tomography Colonoscopy
- Flexible sigmoidescopy
-DNA tests in stool
HOW IS THE TREATMENT IN COLORECTAL CANCER?
Treatment in colon cancer,
The primary treatment for stage 1-3 disease is surgery. With surgery, the cancerous part is removed with wide, solid margins. Surrounding lymph nodes are also removed. In stage 2 disease, chemotherapy is administered to selected patients after surgery. In stage 3 disease, chemotherapy is administered after surgery. In stage 4 disease, surgical treatment is applied only if chemotherapy is deemed necessary. Radiotherapy is applied for distant bone metastases.
Treatment in rectal cancer,
In Stage 1 disease, only surgical treatment is sufficient. In stage 2-3 disease, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are applied along with surgery. Chemotherapy is applied in stage 4 disease. Radiotherapy treatment is applied for distant bone metastases.
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