Peak experiences, which Maslow defines as a "visit to personal heaven" (Burger, 2006, p.439), can only be achieved by people who have matured psychologically, achieved what they expected from themselves and what society expects from them, and have satisfied their basic needs such as attention, love, success and security. It is a state experienced by individuals who do not feel any sense of deficiency. This is also a need. However, the need for peak experience arises in an individual whose biological, social and psychological needs are satisfied (Arık, 1996, p.284). In those who have this experience, the perception is experienced in a very different way than the normal situation. There is almost immersion in the perceived object and integration with it. This integration, which is difficult to express in words, is embedded in the feelings of reaching the truth, complete sufficiency and completeness, reaching truth, goodness and beauty (Arık, 1996, p.285). Having such a clear perception that the universe exists within and forms a part of it creates a deep and shocking effect on the person, and the values that emerge as a result of these experiences gradually begin to enter the person's life and change the way he lives (Maslow, 1996, p.75; Arık, 1996, p.285). Maslow lists these values, which he calls "Eigenvalues" or "the basic and real values of the Self", as follows (Maslow, 1996, p.80; 106-108)
1. Truthfulness
2. Goodness
3. Beauty
4. Integrity -tendency to unity-
5. Transcendence -acceptance; being above opposites-
6. Aliveness -process; dynamic, fluid-
7. Originality -self and uniqueness-
8. Perfection -appropriateness, appropriateness-
9. Necessity -inevitability, being as it should be-
10. Completeness -No further change of gestalt, satisfaction-
11. Justice
12. Simplicity -only what is necessary-
13. Richness -integrity, inclusiveness-
14. Effortlessness -lack of coercion-
15. Cheerfulness
16. Self-Sufficiency – being yourself-
Comment
Rogers' client-centered psychotherapy approach psychology had a very significant impact on him. Personality theory, especially its emphasis on the importance of the self, has been received very positively.
Criticisms have focused on Rogers's innate potential for self-actualization and our consciousness. It has been directed to the lack of clarity about the emphasis it places on our subjective conscious experiences to the exclusion of the lower powers.
There has been a great deal of research supporting both the theory and therapy. Today, theory and therapy are widely used in clinical settings.
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