It is defined as all clinical pictures in which fatty liver is detected for any reason, including
. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a condition characterized by excessive accumulation of fat in the liver in the form of triglycerides. In these patients, there may be liver cell damage and inflammation in addition to excess fat.
The risk factors that cause liver fat can be listed as follows; >-Type 2 diabetes (diabetes)
-Metabolic Syndrome (fat in the abdomen, dyslipidemia (increase in blood fats), hyper triglyceridemia (increase in free fats in the blood), hypertension (increase in blood pressure), increase in fasting sugar .)
-Cardiovascular diseases
-Endocrine (hormonal diseases: Polycystic ovary syndrome, hypothyroidism, hypopituitarism, hypogonadism)
-Galbladder diseases
p>–Pancreatitis,duodenal resections(inflammation of the pancreas,removal of the duodenum)
-Obstructive sleep apnea(sleeping breathlessness
-Hunger(malnutrition)
-First degree relatives of people who are aging, obese or have diabetes (diabetes), being male, ethnicity (being white)
-Being from Western countries
-Western diets (High energy, high saturated fat, high trans fat, decrease in omega 3 fatty acids, decrease in vitamin D ratio, decrease in fruit and vegetable consumption
–Low physical activity
INSULIN RESISTANCE : Decreased intracellular and extracellular effects of insulin and its inability to perform its glucose (sugar) regulatory role in target organs is insulin resistance. /p>
Insulin resistance can cause fat in the liver by increasing the breakdown of peripheral (peripheral) fats and the entry of fatty acids into the liver, reducing the production of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL). VLDL carries triglycerides made in the liver to the adipose tissue for storage.
OXIDATIVE STRESS (increase of free radicals compared to antioxidants): Lipid peroxidation (degradation of fats), increase of free reactive species, glutathione, Evit, beta-carotene and With the decrease of antioxidants such as Cvit, the liver becomes vulnerable to oxidative damage.
MITOCHONDRY FUNCTIONAL DISORDER: Mitochondria is the intracellular organelle where energy is produced. Excessive increase in intracellular fatty acids, oxidative stress, decrease in ATP (energy) and functions of mitochondria. Loss of leptin is important in liver damage. The detection of severe obesity and fatty liver in individuals with congenital leptin deficiency shows the importance of leptin in maintaining energy balance.
NUTRITIONAL THERAPY:
Body weight control and physical activity are the cornerstones of the treatment of fatty liver. -1 kg weight loss is recommended. Rapid and uncontrolled weight loss may increase the flow of free fatty acids to the liver and may cause a poor course of lipid peroxidation (such as increased degradation of fats) while liver fat decreases. For this reason, moderate weight loss should be achieved in individuals. Weight not exceeding 0.5 kg per week in children Loss of energy should be provided. Carbohydrates with a low glycemic index (do not increase blood sugar rapidly) should be preferred. Daily carbohydrate amount should vary between 45-65% of total energy. Carbohydrate sources should be fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes and foods with low glycemic index.
Fructose: Dietary fructose can cause fatty liver by providing new fat production, liver fat, fatty acid from the body and increasing the use of fatty acids in the liver. .A In addition, it is stated that fructose-induced fatty liver formation is associated with an increase in reactive oxygen species and an imbalance in the oxidant/antioxidant system in the liver. However, it is stated that continuous fructose intake causes excessive bacterial growth, bacteria and their toxins pass into the tissues, increase intestinal permeability and cause fatty liver.
According to some studies, synthetic fructose taken in high amounts causes some negative metabolic effects. effects are not seen or may occur less.
FAT: Fat requirement should be 20-35% of total energy. High fat intake in patients with fatty liver is a risk factor for the development and progression of adiposity. The benefits of the mediterranean diet are supported to increase sensitivity and prevent metabolic syndrome. A diet consisting of sources such as whole grain products, pulp, olive oil, hazelnuts, avocados is recommended. Adequate intake of Omega 3 (eicosapentaenoic acid) and/or DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) should be 1.5gr/day for women and 1.6gr/day for men.
Dietary cholesterol intake and total blood cholesterol level are risk factors for fatty liver. In some studies, reducing dietary cholesterol intake is supported in the treatment of fatty liver, since high blood cholesterol levels and low HDL levels can cause liver damage.
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PROTEIN: Normal protein requirement in adults is approximately 16-17% of energy intake. It is 0.8-1 g per kilogram. Excessive protein intake may cause undesirable effects on kidney functions.
POSA (LIF) :Pulse requirement is stated as 25gr/day for women aged 19-50, and 30gr/day for men. Daily consumed t It is stated that at least half of the cereal group should be provided with whole grain foods.
GLYCEMIC INDEX: Since foods with low GI increases blood sugar slowly, they are effective in controlling appetite and energy intake, thus lowering plasma (blood) sugar and blood total cholesterol levels. In addition, it has been shown to be significantly effective in reducing body weight and BMI (body mass index) with a low glycemic load (limiting the amount of carbohydrates in the meal). Therefore, glycemic index and glycemic load are important factors to be considered in the diets of patients with fatty liver disease.
VITAMINS AND MINERALS: It has been found to be associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver, low Dvit level and high parathormone (the hormone responsible for calcium metabolism). High Dvit level shows a lower risk than low Dvit level. Salmon, Oily fish such as sardines, mackerel and tuna, egg yolk, milk, broccoli, parsley, green onions are rich sources of Dvit. However, no food has the amount to meet the daily Dvit requirement. Therefore, sunlight is the main source for increasing the Dvit level. Vitamin D supplementation in 1000 IU/day is the recommended amount for fatty liver. Evit is an important antioxidant and can reduce oxidative stress and liver damage in patients with fatty liver. It is thought that liver iron accompanies insulin resistance in fatty liver due to liver fibrosis (thickening of the tissue, increased connective tissue) and increased oxidative stress in the liver. It is stated that fasting and glucose (sugar)-stimulated blood insulin levels decrease. demolish It may cause lubrication and liver lubrication by reducing the amount of fat in the diet. It is a lipotropic (fat-breaking) factor.
Foods containing methionine: Peanuts, beef and lamb, cheese, turkey, fish, shellfish, soy, eggs, milk, and legumes.
PROBIOTIC USE: Insulin resistance, obesity and type 2 diabetes are seen as risk factors for fatty liver. However, fatty liver is also seen in people who do not have such factors. Probiotics are live microorganisms. Probiotics that attach to the intestinal wall prevent disease-causing bacteria from sticking to the intestinal wall.
In some meta-analysis studies, it was stated that the use of probiotics in the treatment of fatty liver has a positive effect.
As it can be understood, insulin resistance harms many organs, especially the liver. You should remove simple sugars from your life and turn to whole grains as a source of carbohydrates.
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