Laparoscopy literally means observing the inside of the abdomen. By definition, it is the procedure of inflating the inside of the abdomen with gas (carbon dioxide; CO2) and observing the intra-abdominal organs with the help of an optical camera and performing surgical procedures when necessary.
Laparoscopy Procedure
A 5-10 mm incision is made on the abdominal wall from the belly button during pregnancy, and the inside of the abdomen is accessed with auxiliary tools called trocars of the same diameter.
After making sure that the inside of the abdomen is reached, the inside of the abdomen is inflated with carbon dioxide (CO2) gas at a pressure of 12-15 mmHg through this trocar. Then, additional trocars (usually 2 or 3 additional trocars for gynecological surgeries) are placed depending on the surgical procedure to be performed. Thus, for gynecological surgery, a total of 3 or 4 trocars are placed: one in the belly button, two in the patient's left lower abdomen and, if necessary, one in the right lower abdomen. The incisions made in the abdominal skin to insert these trocars are usually 5 or 10 mm. While the inside of the abdomen is observed with the help of a camera passing through the trocar placed through the umbilicus, holding clamps, scissors, prosthetics, hemorrhage stoppers (vessel sealing / cutting energy modalities) are used in the surgical procedure to perform the surgery from other trocars. After laparoscopic surgery is completed, skin incisions of 5-10 mm in size on the abdominal skin are closed with thin stitches.
Use of Laparoscopy in Gynecology
Laparoscopy is used for diagnosis and treatment in gynecology. Diagnostically; While it is used for unexplained chronic pelvic pain and unexplained infertility, it is used for treatment purposes in the treatment of myomas, endometriosis, ovarian cysts and tumors, ectopic pregnancy, tuboovarian abscess, uterine / vaginal prolapse, urinary incontinence and gynecological cancers.
Gynecological surgeries performed laparoscopically;
• Removal of the uterus (hysterectomy)
• Removal of the ovaries (oophorectomy)
• Removal of the ovarian cyst (cystectomy)
• Removal of the tubes (salpingectomy)
• Removal of myoma (myomectomy)
• Connecting the tubes (tubal ligation)
• Opening of intra-abdominal adhesions (adhesiolysis)
• Opening of the tubes
• Correction of uterine prolapse (sacrocolpopexy)
• Uterine cancer surgery
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