What is Dysatris?

Dysarthria; It is a motor speech disorder that occurs as a result of damage and/or functional deterioration of the stimulation (innervation) of the muscles used in speech (tongue, lips, soft palate, facial muscles, larynx). As a result of paralysis characterized by abnormality in muscle groups controlling the speech mechanism, coordination disorder in the muscles due to dysarthria, damage to the central nervous system and/or peripheral nervous system, respiratory, phonation (sound production), resonance, vocalization and prosodic features of speech are affected. It is a motor speech disorder in which speech intelligibility is affected. It limits speech intelligibility. Dysarthria is frequently seen with neurogenic diseases such as cerebrovascular events, traumatic brain injuries, tumors, cerebral palsy, parkinson's.

• Dysarthria is usually characterized by slurred speech and/or slow speech.

  • Dysarthria.

    p>

  • The severity of dysarthria varies according to the underlying cause and type of dysarthria.

  • Communication problems can affect relationships with family and friends. Social interaction problems can be seen in individuals with dysarthria.

  • Dysarthria can cause social isolation and depression in some people.

  What are the Causes of Dysatris?

  Dysarthria may occur as a result of brain damage at birth and/or as a result of any disease, injury.

  • Stroke ,

  • Brain tumor,

  • Traumatic head injury,

  • Cerebral palsy,

  • Multiple Sclerosis,

  • Muscular dystrophy,

  • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS),

  • Guillain-Barre syndrome,

  • Huntington's disease,

  • Myasthenia gravis,

  • Parkinson's disease,

  • Wilson's disease,

  • Some infections, sore throat or tonsillitis,

  • Some drugs that affect your central nervous system, such as narcotics or tranquilizers, can cause dysatria.

  How to Speech in Dysatris� �l A Disorder Is Observed?

  • Little speech that is difficult to understand,

  • Slurred speech in the mouth,

  • Speaking slowly,

  • Inability to speak louder than a whisper or speak too loudly,

  • Fast speech that is difficult to understand,

  • Nasal, wheezy, breathy or strained voice,

  • Irregular or abnormal speech rhythm,

  • Monotonous speech, robotic speech,

  • Difficulty in moving tongue, lips, facial muscles or jaw,

  p>

  • Weakness in tongue, lips and facial muscles, manifests itself in the form of coordination disorder.

  What Kind of Speech Impairment is in Individuals with Dysatrist Occurs?

  Speech sounds cannot be produced correctly due to weakness, coordination disorder and/or paralysis in speech organs caused by dysatria. Speech can be slow in some cases and fast in some cases. Problems are experienced in the pitch and rhythm of the voice. Sound quality may be distorted. Problems with resonance (hypernasality (speaking through the nose), hyponasality (speech as if the nose is blocked)) may occur.

  In the individual;

  • Sound intensity,

  • Sound quality,

  • Pitch,

  • Speech rate,

  • Intonation of speech,

  • Breath control,

  • Intonation changes.

  What are the Types of Dysatris?

  Spastic Dysarthria

  In upper motor neuron systems Examples of this lesion can be: Traumas, Degenerative diseases and Cerebrovascular events. As a result of lesions, tension in vital capacities, hypernasality, low pitched sounds, harsh sounds, raspy voices, erroneous consonant productions, decreased and/or increased stress in speech, It is a type of dysarthria with slowness.

  Flakid Dysarthria

  It occurs as a result of lesions occurring in the lower motor neuron system. Examples of these lesions may be Cranial, Bulbar Palsy. Lesions affect muscle strength Speech is adversely affected due to secondary problems in the muscular systems. Muscles negatively affect the lower motor neuron system. It manifests itself in the form of audible breathing, changes in the intensity of the voice, production of consonants that are difficult to understand, difficulty in breathing, problems in the production of sound at the tip of the tongue. Apart from these problems, monotonous speech can also be observed in Flaxid Dysarthria.

  Hyperkinetic Dysarthria

  It is a type of dysatria that occurs as a result of basal ganglia lesions. As an example of these lesions; Myoclonus, Ballismus and Atetony can be shown. As a result of these lesions, breaks in the voice output and/or tremors in the voice and monotonous speech can be observed. Features such as hypernasality, vocal pauses, decreased accent tones, and difficult breathing processes can be observed.

  Spastic Flakside

  It is known as the complex type of Dysarthria. Both upper motor and upper motor It can occur as a result of diseases in which both neuron and lower motor neuron lesions are damaged. Examples of these lesions are: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Disease. Consonant productions that are impossible to understand in speech show itself as monotony, tense voices and monotonous loudness during speech.

  Hypokinetic Dysarthria

  A dysatria occurring in Parkinson's disease type. It manifests itself as a decrease in respiratory levels, tremor (tremors), monotonous voice intensities, short, short and intermittent speech.

  Spastic Ataxic

  Complex type dysarthria variety. It occurs in upper motor neuron lesions. Multiple Sclerosis can be given as an example. Respiratory support may be weak in individuals with this dysatria, distortions in voice intensities and/or lack of control may be seen. Pale voice intensities may occur. There may be problems in accentuation and inadequate prosody in speech.

  How Do Speech and Language Therapists Evaluate Dysarthria?

  Language and Speech Therapists determine whether individuals have dysarthria, If there is dysarthria, they evaluate the language and speech skills of the individual in order to determine the type of dysarthria. Also therapist during assessment; It applies tests that evaluate the muscle strength of the tongue, lips, face and muscles, the range of motion of the mouth, jaw and tongue, and how movements are made and breathing. Speech is analyzed during word, sentence production and dialogue. The correct intervention method is selected by determining whether other individuals understand the speech of the dysarthric individual and to what extent the people around the dysarthria understand their speech.

  What Is Done in Speech Therapy in Dysatris?

  The treatment may vary depending on the cause, severity and type of dysarthria. Language and Speech Therapy helps the dysarthric individual regain normal speech and improve communication. Among the goals of speech therapy are; There are therapy methods that will help people to communicate with dysarthria by adjusting the speaking rate, reducing the speaking rate, strengthening the tongue, lip and facial muscles, increasing respiratory support in speech, breathing exercises, improving articulation.

  Language and Speech Therapist when necessary, it can suggest other communication methods (alternative and supportive communication systems) to help communicate and increase existing communication. These communication methods consist of visual cues, gestures, alphabet cards, writing and/or computer-based therapy methods.

  _{Read: 0}