What is obesity?
In healthy individuals, the energy consumed and the energy spent should be kept in balance. If the energy taken in is more than the energy spent, this results in fat accumulation in the body. Fat accumulation of more than 18% in men and 25% in women causes obesity. Obesity is defined by the World Health Organization as excessive fat accumulation in the body to the extent that it impairs health.
Obesity is now a global phenomenon. It is a health problem. It has become a major health problem in developed and developing countries.
According to World Health Organization data, obesity causes 80% of Type 2 diabetes, 35% of coronary artery diseases and 55% of hypertension in adults in Europe. is responsible. Obesity causes the death of more than 1 million people every year. If obesity is not combated, millions of people will face obesity and related diseases.
What is body mass index (BMI)?
It is the measurement used to define obesity. It is a value obtained by dividing a person's body weight by the square of their height.
Body mass index
Normal
strong>18.50 - 24.99
Overweight
>25.00
Pre-obese
25.00 - 29.99
Obese
>30.00
Obese 1st Degree
30.00 - 34-99
Obese 2nd Degree
35.00 - 39.99
Obese 3rd Degree (Morbidly obese)
>40.00
Treatment of obesity
Prevention of obesity The most important thing to be safe is to be protected before the situation occurs. Obesity that begins in childhood can lead to obesity in adulthood. Therefore, balanced nutrition and physical activity in the family and school environment play an important role during childhood.
The aim of fighting against obesity is to reduce the risks of obesity-related diseases by targeting an acceptable body weight loss and to give the person a balanced eating habit. and to improve the quality of life.
The aim is to reduce the body mass index (BMI) to 18.5 – 24.9 kg/m2.
Diet treatment
It is aimed that the methods to be applied under the control of a dietitian or diet-related experts are compatible with the principles of balanced nutrition. What is desired is to gain and maintain correct eating habits.
Exercise treatment
Physical activity, It prevents the loss of fat tissue and the formation of new fat tissue. It supports medical nutrition treatment and can prevent weight gain, preventing weight loss and regaining weight.
Treatment of behavior change
Behavior modification therapy aims to positively change or reduce negative behaviors related to eating and physical activity that cause weight gain.
Pharmacological treatment
Pharmacological treatment must be carried out under the supervision of a physician. It is not suitable for application to slightly overweight and moderately overweight people. In order for the treatment to be successful, the person must also undergo nutritional therapy and exercise therapy, as well as drug therapy, and not neglect their check-ups.
Surgical treatment
Obesity surgeries can be performed by laparoscopic (closed) methods. Generally, three types of surgeries are performed
-Volume-reducing surgeries
-Absorption-impairing surgeries
-Both volume-reducing and malabsorption surgeries
Sleeve gastrectomy (Sleeve gastrectomy)
By removing approximately 80% of the stomach, the stomach is turned into a tube and the volume is reduced. The removed part also includes most of the stomach part that secretes the appetite hormone (Ghrelin). Thus, this surgery enables weight loss through more than one mechanism. Blood sugar regulation of patients with diabetes can also be achieved by losing weight.
Gastric bypass surgeries
Surgical treatment of obesity has been performed for a long time. . A small stomach is created, leaving approximately 30 cc of stomach volume. From a certain distance, thin barracks are inserted into this created stomach. These are surgeries that both prevent absorption and restrict volume.
In Roux en Y gastric bypass, the small intestines are separated and one end is connected to the stomach and the other end is connected to the small intestine.
In mini gastric bypass surgery, the small intestines are connected to the stomach without being separated.
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