Every person has experienced severe back pain and stiffness at some point in their life. Most of these pains resolve spontaneously with rest, while a small portion requires medical treatment. The treatment for low back pain should be determined according to the cause of the pain and the location of the disease.
1-Treatment for acute low back pain
Low pain due to excessive stretching of muscles and soft tissues or minor injuries
(Mechanical low back pain) painkillers, muscle relaxants and short-term bed rest alone are sufficient in most cases. Low pain due to trauma and infection: Trauma can disrupt the alignment and integrity of the spine and cause severe pain. In particular, high-energy traumas such as falling from a height or a traffic accident can disrupt the integrity of the spinal bone and supporting connective tissues, create pressure on the spinal cord and nerves, and cause permanent damage to them, causing paralysis. If there is weakness in the legs and/or inability to voluntarily urinate and defecate due to pressure on the nerves, or instability (abnormal mobility) in the spine, surgical intervention should be performed. If the infection causing back pain is an infection, the microorganism that causes the infection must be determined and the risk factors that cause the infection must be determined. If an abscess has formed, the abscess should be drained surgically and antibiotic treatment should be given. Tumor-related low back pain: Tumors originating from the spine, nerve root or spinal cord can cause low back pain and even weakness in the legs due to spinal cord-nerve compression. The most common tumor affecting the spine bone is metastasis (spread of cancer in another area).
i-If there are complaints of weakness in the legs and/or inability to voluntarily urinate and defecate due to compression on the spinal cord or nerves, or if instability (abnormal mobility) is caused in the spine, surgical intervention may be performed and radiotherapy-chemotherapy is recommended according to tissue diagnosis.
ii-If there is no sign of pressure on the nerves, surgical intervention and/or radiation therapy and chemotherapy should be performed, depending on the situation, after first determining the type of tumor by biopsy. Herniated disc, slipped disc, low back pain due to spinal stenosis: With age, the water content of the discs between the vertebrae decreases and the load-bearing capacity of the joints in the back decreases. It starts to pass. Over time, they may develop disc herniation, thickening of the joints or inability to hold together, causing problems. Although there are no neurological findings such as loss of strength, if the quality of life of patients is affected due to long-lasting pain without responding to medical treatment (physical therapy, algology), pain alone may be the reason for surgical intervention. When choosing the surgical intervention method, each patient should be evaluated individually and the appropriate technique should be selected for that patient. Microdiscectomy and endoscopic discectomy surgical methods are the surgical techniques with the best surgical results. It has been shown in scientific articles that there is no difference between the results of the two methods. Methods such as Epiduroscopy and Laser are of no use for herniated discs that require surgery.
ii-If there is no sign of pressure on the nerves, painkillers, muscle relaxants and bed rest (not exceeding 5 days) are recommended. 2-In chronic low back pain, Why, in cases with lumbar disc herniation, lumbar slippage, narrowing of the spinal canal, and wear of the disc tissue, if there are progressive neurological findings (muscle weakness, voluntary defecation and inability to urinate), surgical intervention is required, otherwise, first of all, painkillers, muscle relaxants and short-term bed rest are followed by physical therapy. muscle exercises are recommended. Another cause of chronic back pain is rheumatic diseases. Especially if there is night pain, morning stiffness, and a decrease in pain as you move, it should be kept in mind that the problem causing the pain may be rheumatic disease, even if there is a herniated disc in the films taken.
Prevention of Low Back Pain
< br /> In order to prevent recurrent low back pain, the patient must lose excess weight, stop smoking, if any, do regular and continuous muscle exercises for the waist, back and abdominal muscles, and correct inappropriate posture, sitting and lying positions.
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