As myopia progresses, it causes significant damage to the eyes and the dimensions of the eye change.
1.The eye elongates and becomes like an egg when it is a ball.
2.The front lens of the eye (Cornea) becomes erect, it tapers forward.
3. The front lens of the eye, the cornea, becomes thinner.
4. The thinned cornea wrinkles and astigmatism occurs.
5.The sclera, the white layer outside the eye, gets thinner, and the eye strain causes astigmatism with the pressure of the external muscles of the eye.
6.The retina becomes thinner. As a result, it cracks, cracks and holes are formed.
7. The vascular layer at the base of the eye, the choroidea, becomes thinner, and as a result of the deterioration of the vascular system, areas that are not fed are formed.
8. The structure of the vitreous in the middle water of the eye deteriorates, spots that impair vision.
9.The structure of the lens deteriorates, cataract (Curtain) comes 10 years earlier.
10. Eye pressure develops, eye pressure starts 10 years earlier.
EVALUATION OF MEASUREMENTS FOR MYOPIC:
Get your eye measurements , some issues need to be evaluated: The vast majority of nearsighted people are axial myopia.
Measurements are normal but myopic: Anteroposterior diameter of the eye , corneal hump is normal, but the eye may be nearsighted. This is in the refractive myopic group. There is excessive refraction and index change in the lens and cornea.
Assess anterior posterior diameter elongation:
Age: When evaluating the anterior posterior diameter of the eye, elongation according to age should be considered. 16 mm in baby. The anterior posterior diameter of the eye, which is the anterior posterior diameter, gradually lengthens. can go up. 1 mm elongation causes 3 degrees of myopia. As the eye gets longer, the point of view falls in front of the fovea. As it gets longer, this interval also gets longer and clarity is lost.
In myopia, the anterior posterior diameter of the eye is absolute. should be measured. This determines the ciliary or axial period and guides the ophthalmologist on what to do. As the age progresses, the anterior posterior diameter of the eye progresses between 16-22 mm. The anterior posterior diameter of the eye is determined for each age. 22 mm is the final distance of the anterior posterior diameter of a person aged 24 years and over. It grows to 28-29 mm in myopia.
Compensation mechanism of the eye: As the eye lengthens, protective measures develop to compensate for vision:
*Changes in the structure of the lens inside the eye.
*Strength of focusing and adaptability.
*Differentiations in the refractive environment of the eye enable to see with less number.
Long eye diameter and low eyeglass number: Although some eyes are elongated, they see with less number.
*The anterior posterior diameter of the eye is long congenitally. Like big hands. Eye structures adapted to it. It is necessary to monitor the progress.
*The lens in the eye, which provides focusing despite its elongation, gets used very well and compensates for the defect.
Why is it important to lengthen the anterior posterior diameter of the eye?
When the eye is like a ball, it becomes like an egg. At the time of elongation, the cornea becomes erect, thinning, wrinkling (astigmatism). Thinning of the retina in the posterior pole of the eye, separation of cells and tissues from each other causes cracks and tears in the future. This is the main cause of black floaters. Why is it important for it to function normally?
A strong and normal functioning ciliary muscle enables vision without glasses. Normal vision of a nearsighted person is achieved by making this muscle work.
As glasses function: As glasses take over the focusing and adaptation functions the strength of the ciliary muscle gradually decreases. As it decreases, it is tried to be closed by giving more numbers, which means progress in glasses. The ophthalmologist will give exercises to strengthen the ciliary muscle instead of increasing the number. k should provide clear vision.
Special conditions: In some eye diseases, myopia develops even though the anterior posterior diameter is within normal values . Here, the lens in the eye swells. ROP is one of them. Myopia develops up to 7-8 numbers. As a result of oxygen or laser application to the eye, the nutrition of the lens is impaired. If there is no myopia in the family and a suitable lifestyle is drawn, myopia stops at this level.
Diabetes (Diabetes), cortisone drugs, stress cause myopia when the anterior posterior diameter is normal.
Cornea examinations: Significant changes in the anterior lens cornea in myopia can be evaluated by corneal topography.
Corneal curve: It is around 7.80 microns. As it gets steeper and conical, it drops to around 720. As it flattens, it rises above 820.
Forward elongation or flattening of the cornea: When the anterior lens measurement is around 780-790 As myopia progresses, it drops to around 720. This refers to the steepening of the cornea. The smaller the number, the steeper it gets. The cornea becoming upright from its normal flat state is another indicator of myopic progression.
Flattening of the cornea means another disease. In axial myopia the cornea becomes erect. In high and congenital myopia, the cornea becomes flat.
*An eye in the 820 arch should be monitored for other diseases.
Corneal thickness: The thickness of the cornea is around 580 microns. As myopia progresses, the cornea also becomes thinner and may decrease below 500 microns. If the cornea is thick (6.0 micron and above), the structure of the cornea will not deteriorate and will not become erect. Elongation occurs at the posterior pole of the sclera, the white part of the eye. If the cornea thins
*Astigmatism occurs and progresses.
*If the cornea becomes thinner, laser application will be adversely affected in the future.
strong>Thinning of corneal thickness. As myopia progresses, Alama The thickness of the front lens of the eye, which is 570-580 microns thick, decreases as myopia progresses, and decreases to around 470-480 microns.
Why should the cornea not be thinned?
*As the cornea gets thinner, a steepening occurs in its curve.
*Thinning of the cornea causes astigmatism. An astigmatized eye cannot see clearly like a normal eye, even if they wear glasses. Creep, elongation, and floaters occur in the images.
*Thinning of the cornea makes a future laser surgery to get rid of glasses (!) lose the chance.
Retina-choroidal thickness measurement: Retinal and choroidal thickness should be measured with OCT RNFL examination. This is the key to the treatment of the ophthalmologist for the prevention of retinal deterioration in myopia. Especially the nerve fiber layer of the retina should be evaluated well. Retinal thickness is 280 microns, retinal nerve fiber layer is around 110 microns. As myopia progresses, these thicknesses also get thinner. 200 microns and below are risky in terms of cracking and tearing. Since the choroid is not as flexible as the retina, significant defects occur.
Macular region examination. Fovea is the seeing point of the eye, anterior of the eye elongation in the posterior diameter disrupts the nutrition of this area, causing structural defects in the cells that provide vision.
The condition of the choroidea: gets thinner as you go. The choroid is the vascular layer under the retina, responsible for the nourishment of the eye. The elongation of the anterior posterior diameter of the eye also impairs blood circulation. OCT should evaluate the choroidea and normal blood flow should be ensured.
*The choroidea nourishes the retinal tissues. Insufficient nutrition in the vascular system creates damaged and destroyed atrophic areas. These regions do not see or see less. In places, areas where there is no retinal tissue appear. &n bsp;
Condition of the lens: Changes in the lens inside the eye cause myopia. If myopia occurs when the anterior posterior diameter of the eye and the corneal arch are within normal values
*The ciliary muscle is not functional enough. The decline in function is compensated by the lens. This is the ciliary period of myopia, instead of wearing glasses, the ciliary muscle should be functionalized with exercise.
*Swelling in the lens is the cause of myopia. Diabetes, stress, cortisone drug use conditions that cause swelling in the lens should be investigated. Congenital swelling of the lens also causes myopia.
*ROP is an important cause of myopia, the eye number goes up to 7-8.
*Loosening in the fibers around the lens, some of the fibers are displaced It creates an inability to focus. This situation is tried to be eliminated by increasing the lake number.
Tear measurement: When the tear level decreases, the clarity of vision decreases. The effort to see causes the pressure of the external muscles on the eye, namely the balloon phenomenon.
Thinning of the sclera: The sclera surrounds the eyeball is the white layer. In myopia, the sclera becomes thinner. This means that the eyeball is warped, astigmatism occurs, and the anterior-posterior diameter of the eye increases further, increasing myopia. In genetically myopic patients, there may be deterioration in the collagen fibers that provide the stiffness and resistance of the sclera. This causes the eyeball to grow in all directions as a whole.
Astigmatism: Thinning of the cornea, deformation of the eyeball, The imbalance between the eye muscles causes astigmatism due to wrinkling of the lens and cornea inside the eye. , the pressure of the external eye muscles and the imbalance between these muscles cause distortion in the eyeball, whose sclera is thinning. . Cause this vision to decrease
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