Rules to Follow in Large Aortic Veins

The aorta is the main artery leaving the heart and is divided into two: the chest and the abdomen. The aorta is just like the large pipes that the municipality lays on the streets to carry water to buildings. Just as all those in need receive water from these pipes, all our tissues and organs receive the necessary blood from the aorta through the arteries. People with enlargement of the aortic vein may encounter very life-threatening complications if they do not follow the necessary rules.

The aortic vein is the main artery coming out of the heart and is the largest artery in the body, carrying oxygenated blood pumped from the left ventricle of the heart to all tissues and organs through its branches. > is an artery. The aorta is just like the large pipes that the municipality lays on the streets to carry water to buildings. Just as all those in need receive water from these pipes, all our tissues and organs receive the necessary blood from the aorta through the arteries.

• The aorta is generally divided into two parts, the chest and the abdominal section. From the section of the aorta in the chest, coronary vessels that feed the heart and vessels going to the brain and arms emerge. Branches leading to the liver, stomach, intestines, spleen, kidneys and both legs emerge from the abdominal part of the aorta

The width of the aorta varies depending on the person's race, body area, gender and age. shows. In general, the average aortic diameter varies between 2.5-3.7. However, if the aortic diameter is 50% larger than expected or required, it is considered an aneurysm. In other words, if the aortic diameter is measured as 4.5 cm in a person expected to be 3 cm, an aneurysm is mentioned. The remaining part is referred to as dilatation.

• Aortic anatomy

• Aortic wall It consists of three layers. There are collagen and elastic lamellae in the middle layer, which allow it to expand and regain its previous shape with each heartbeat and prevent it from expanding against high blood pressure. This paves the way for aneurysm in the production of collagen and elastin.

• While the amount of this collagen and elastin is found at a very high level in the chest section of the aorta, this rate decreases by 50% as you move into the abdomen. related aortic vein 75% of the aneurysms develop in the abdominal area and 25% in the chest area.

• Localizations of aneurysms

• Aging and smoking reduce collagen and elastin production, paving the way for aneurysm development. There are also many genetic diseases such as Marfan syndrome, which cause disorders in collagen and elastin production.

• These enlargements in the aortic vessel pave the way for very serious complications that often result in sudden deaths. The most important of these is the rupture of the aorta at its widest and thinnest part and sudden discharge of blood into the chest or abdominal cavity. This situation often results in sudden deaths.

• Aortic rupture (tear)

• Other important Its complication is the rupture of the thinned inner layer of the aorta, which is described as aortic dissection, and the blood passes to the middle layer and progresses along the entire aorta and its branches in the wall. Thus, some of the blood coming out of the heart moves on the false path, that is, within the wall, and the other on the normal path. The blood that progresses by dividing the wall into two layers also reaches the artery that comes out of the aorta and goes to the organs, disrupting the nutrition of these organs. Due to this, many complications develop such as deterioration of the aortic valve, heart attack, stroke, paralysis, kidney failure, malnutrition in the intestines, malnutrition in the legs, and shock.

• Aorta. dissection and classification

• Sudden death occurs in 40% of patients due to dissection.

• Heart attack in autopsies. It has been determined that a significant portion of patients thought to have sudden death due to aortic dissection. If patients hospitalized for aortic dissection are kept waiting without being operated on, 90% of these patients will die within two days. The mortality rate in patients undergoing surgery is around 10-30%.

• Due to these serious complications, aortic aneurysm is also described as THE TIME BOMB WITHIN US.

• The risk of aneurysm surgery performed before complications develop is very low. A significant portion of aneurysms are treated without surgery by placing a stent-graft. aneurysms Approximately 70% of it consists of the contents of the abdomen. Approximately 80-90% of these are easily treated with a stented vein placed through a small incision in the groin.

• However, in those who develop complications, the risk of sudden death and the risk of surgery increase significantly. While the surgical risk is 3-7% in planned operations, it increases to 15-40% in patients receiving emergency surgical treatment.For this reason, patients whose time is due should be operated on without delay.

• People who have dilation or aneurysm in the aorta and are being monitored may encounter these very vital complications if they do not comply with the necessary rules.

• The first of these rules; p>

• Determining the cause of the aneurysm is of great importance.

• Because there is dilatation in the aortic vessel and the aortic valve with two leaflets is present. Patients with genetic collagen tissue disease such as Marfan or Marfan have a higher growth rate and complication rate than patients with trileaf aortic valve who do not have a genetic disease.
   

• Normal and Bicuspid aortic valve

• We have to take more strict precautions in these patients. In cases with Marfan syndrome, surgery is performed at 4.5cm instead of 5.5, and in bicuspid aortic valves, surgery is performed at 5cm.

• Blood pressure control: Even if the blood pressure is normal. However, beta blockers should be used. High blood pressure measured during follow-up must be brought down to normal levels. In addition to beta blocker medications, one or two additional blood pressure medications, or even a third blood pressure medication if necessary, should be added to control blood pressure. In other words, blood pressure must be kept under control.

• Obesity should be avoided: Excess weight increases vascular resistance and impairs blood pressure control. They increase the rate of aneurysm growth or the risk of complications. In these patients, sometimes even two blood pressure medications cannot control blood pressure.

• Attention must be paid to nutrition. The main factor causing aneurysm is arteriosclerosis (Atherosclerosis). Because of this � Fatty and salty foods rich in cholesterol should be avoided.

• Smoking should be avoided:The expansion rate increases on average 2-4 times in individuals who smoke compared to non-smokers. shows. This rate increases more in those who develop chronic lung disease.

• Regular walks should be taken; regular walks prevent weight gain, reduce vascular resistance, and control blood pressure and arteriosclerosis.

• Competitive sports should be avoided:suddenly in competitive sports. Increased blood pressure can lead to life-threatening complications.

• Actions such as weight lifting or sports activities performed by holding your breath should be avoided.

• During sports activities, breathing should be done regularly.

• Constipation prevention nutrition and precautions should be taken

• Periodic follow-ups should be done regularly:The most effective diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of aortic aneurysms is tomography. However, in patients who have been followed for many years, ECHO and ultrasound are used in follow-up to protect against the negative effects of radiation. Patients with an aortic diameter of 3.5-4 cm should be followed up annually, and those with a diameter of 4-5 cm should be followed up every 6 months. Abdominal aortic aneurysms can be followed up with ultrasound and ascending aortic aneurysms can be followed up with ECHO. In cases where a significant increase in these is detected, tomography should be performed for definitive evaluation.

  In addition, people over the age of 50, especially men, smokers, and people with high blood pressure should be examined for aneurysm.

  People diagnosed with aortic aneurysm will significantly reduce the rate of vascular expansion and the risk of developing vital complications by following the rules specified in their lifestyle.

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