Nosebleeds are usually short-lived, stop easily, and do not require referral to a healthcare facility. A person's lifetime chance of experiencing a nosebleed is 60%, and only 10% require medical attention. It is more common in winter months. Nose picking and decreased moisture in the mucosa covering the inside of the nose are the most common causes of nosebleeds in children during the winter months. Curvatures in the middle part of the nose; Curvatures and protrusions, especially in the front, can cause increased turbulence in the nose, drying and nose bleeding. Traumas that cause fractures in the nasal bones may also cause damage and bleeding to the mucosa covering the inside of the nose. Delayed bleeding (after 6 weeks) after trauma that causes fracture of the facial bones may be caused by post-traumatic aneurysm (ballooning of the vessels). Nosebleeds are not uncommon after nose-related surgeries (septoplasty, rhinoplasty, endoscopic sinus surgery, etc.). Benign and malignant tumors of the nasal cavity, sinuses and nasopharynx area should be investigated, especially in recurrent and persistent nosebleeds.
Publications report that people over the age of 50 are more prone to serious nosebleeds. Congenital or acquired bleeding-coagulation disorders (easy bruising, prolonged bleeding in minor injuries, family history of bleeding disorders) should also be carefully evaluated in patients with nosebleeds. The patient's history gives important clues in acquired bleeding disorders caused by medication or disease. A platelet count below 20,000/mm3 causes spontaneous bleeding. Some medications can disrupt platelet functions and cause bleeding. Chronic alcohol consumption, aspirin and some medications can cause nosebleeds. Vitamin K deficiency; and liver diseases, diet and some medications that cause it may cause nosebleeds due to the decrease in clotting factors.
General precautions and recommendations for moderate and mild bleeding without active bleeding are as follows:
Reducing the factors that may initiate or increase nose bleeding. First of all, avoiding nose picking and reducing the habit of frequent nose cleaning, using salt water solution. These include increasing nasal moisture with nasal gels. It is recommended to humidify our environment with various tools. The first and early intervention in acute bleeding can be summarized as washing the nose with cold water to remove clots, tilting the head 45 degrees forward, squeezing the front soft wings of the nose with the index finger and thumb and waiting for 10 minutes. It would be appropriate to apply to the emergency room for bleeding that does not stop at the end of this intervention.
In cases of active bleeding that cannot be stopped by the above measures, anterior tampon application, anterior nasal cauterization, posterior tampon application, various surgeries in which the artery causing bleeding is connected with surgical methods and septoplasty can be performed by an ENT specialist under operating room conditions. These can be listed as applications that can be made by.
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